{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T23:10:08Z","timestamp":1775085008285,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>One hundred liver biopsies from 100 hepatitis patients were examined by the indirect immunofluorescent technique for the detection of HBsAg. Of the 60 positive specimens 52 were diagnosed as various types of chronic hepatitis and 8 were acute hepatitis. Four main distribution patterns of HBsAg were obtained: full cytoplasmic fluorescence with diffuse lobular distribution; cytoplasmic fluorescence with spotty distribution; peripheral fluorescence in the cell membrane and\/or cell peripheries; and focal cytoplasmic positivity. There was an inverse relationship between the number of positive hepatocytes and the extent of liver cell necrosis. The distribution patterns of HBsAg were distinctive in each type of chronic hepatitis and in acute hepatitis. Homogeneous full cytoplasmic fluorescence, distributed diffusely in the whole liver lobule, was observed in chronic persistent hepatitis and in cirrhosis with little activity whereas peripheral liver cell membrane and\/or peripheral cytoplasmic fluorescence associated with cytoplasmic positivity in a smaller number of hepatocytes was a characteristic finding in chronic aggressive hepatitis, active cirrhosis, and acute hepatitis with possible transition to chronicity. Focal cytoplasmic fluorescence was observed in acute hepatitis and a group of biopsies in chronic hepatitis in which HBsAg was detected in the liver but no antigen was detectable in the serum. The results show that the different patterns of distribution of HBsAg in the liver biopsy are helpful for the histological diagnosis of different types of HBAg positive viral hepatitis and are consistent with the hypothesis of the role of specific immune response in the pathogenesis of type B viral hepatitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.29.2.94","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"94-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Distribution patterns of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the liver of hepatitis patients."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"M B","family":"Ray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V J","family":"Desmet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Fevery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"De Groote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A F","family":"Bradburne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Desmyter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"252","article-title":"Distribution patterns of hepatitis B antigen in the liver","volume":"98","author":"Akeyama, T.; Kamada, T.; Koyama, M.; Abe, H.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Akeyama, T., Kamada, T., Koyama, M., and Abe, H. (1974). Distribution patterns of hepatitis B antigen in the liver. Arch. Path., 98, 252-256.","journal-title":"Arch. Path"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"333","article-title":"Morphological criteria in viral hepatitis","volume":"1","author":"Bianchi, L.; De Groote, J.; Desmet, V.J.; Gedigk, P.; Korb, G.; Popper, H.; Poulsen, H.; Scheuer, P.J.; Schmid, M.; Thaler, H.; Wepler, W.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Bianchi, L., De Groote, J., Desmet, V. J., Gedigk, P., Korb, G., Popper, H., Poulsen, H., Scheuer, P. J., Schmid, M., Thaler, H., and Wepler, W. (1971). Morphological criteria in viral hepatitis. Lancet, 1, 333-337.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-66-5-924","article-title":"A serum antigen (Australia antigen) in Down's syndrome, leukemia and hepatitis","volume":"66","author":"Blumberg, B.S.; Gerstley, B.J.S.; Hungerford, D.A.; London, W.T.; Sutnick, A.I.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Blumberg, B. S., Gerstley, B. J. S., Hungerford, D. A., London, W. T., and Sutnick, A. I. (1967). A serum antigen (Australia antigen) in Down's syndrome, leukemia and hepatitis. Ann. intern. Med., 66, 924-931.","journal-title":"Ann. intern. Med"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(70)90093-8","article-title":"Australia antigen as a hepatitis virus. Variation in host response","volume":"48","author":"Blumberg, B.S.; Sutnick, A.I.; London, W.T.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Blumberg, B. S., Sutnick, A. I., and London, W. T. (1970). Australia antigen as a hepatitis virus. Variation in host response. Amer. J. Med., 48, 1-8.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Med"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"309","article-title":"Virus-like particles within hepatocytes of Australia antigen carriers","volume":"123","author":"Caramia, F.; De Bac, C.; Ricci, G.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Caramia, F., De Bac, C., and Ricci, G. (1972). 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Progr."},{"key":"ref_24","article-title":"The January 1976 Issue","unstructured":"The January 1976 Issue"},{"key":"ref_25","article-title":"ISSUE CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING PAPERS","author":"JANUARY, T.H.E.","year":"1976","unstructured":"THE JANUARY 1976 ISSUE CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING PAPERS"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"00","volume-title":"Letter to the Editor Book reviews The Association of Clinical Pathologists: 95th general meeting Copies are still available and may be obtained from the PUBLISHING MANAGER, BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WClH 9JR, price","volume":"2","unstructured":"Letter to the Editor Book reviews The Association of Clinical Pathologists: 95th general meeting Copies are still available and may be obtained from the PUBLISHING MANAGER, BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WClH 9JR, price \u00a32 00"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.29.2.94","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T15:14:57Z","timestamp":1765725297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.29.2.94"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.29.2.94"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.29.2.94","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,2]]}}}