{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:15:48Z","timestamp":1758845748492,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A macroscopic agglutination test for detecting leptospiral antibodies in human sera is described. The test utilizes a stained preparation of non-pathogenic leptospires and is performed on the Brewer diagnostic cards used for bovine brucellosis screening. The agglutination of the stained antigen is more easily observed than the current macroscopic slide test using unstained leptospiral antigens. The non-pathogenic serotype patoc is agglutinated by sera from humans infected with serotypes pomona, hardjo, ballum, and copenhageni with a sensitivity of 94% in comparison with the microscopic agglutination test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.29.3.198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"198-202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A card test for the serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"J M","family":"Bragger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"904906","article-title":"Dairy farm fever in New Zealand: isolation of L. pomona and L. hardjo from a local outbreak","volume":"79","author":"Christmas, B.W.; Till, D.G.; Bragger, J.M.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Christmas, B. W., Till, D. G., and Bragger, J. M. (1974). Dairy farm fever in New Zealand: isolation of L. pomona and L. hardjo from a local outbreak. N.Z. med. J., 79, 904906.","journal-title":"N. Z. med. J"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"103","volume":"173","author":"Combiescu, D.; Sturdza, N.; Sefer, M.; Radu, I.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Combiescu, D., Sturdza, N., Sefer, M., and Radu, I. (1958). Leptospirenforschungen in Rumanien. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig., 173, 103-106.","journal-title":"Leptospirenforschungen in Rumanien. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-90-22113","article-title":"Hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes sensitized with leptospiral extracts","volume":"90","author":"Cox, C.D.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Cox, C. D. (1955). Hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes sensitized with leptospiral extracts. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.), 90, 610-615.","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.)"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/101.2.203","article-title":"Standardization and stabilization of an extract from Leptospira biflexa and its use in the hemolytic test for leptospirosis","volume":"101","author":"Cox, C.D.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Cox, C. D. (1957). Standardization and stabilization of an extract from Leptospira biflexa and its use in the hemolytic test for leptospirosis. J. infect. Dis., 101, 203-209.","journal-title":"J. infect. Dis"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/101.2.210","article-title":"Evaluation of the hemolytic test in the serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis","volume":"101","author":"Cox, C.D.; Alexander, A.D.; Murphy, L.C.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Cox, C. D., Alexander, A. D., and Murphy, L. C. (1957). Evaluation of the hemolytic test in the serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis. J. infect. 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Bact"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"505","article-title":"A rapid macroscopic-slide screening test for the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis","volume":"19","author":"Galton, M.M.; Powers, D.K.; Hall, A.D.; Cornell, R.G.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Galton, M. M., Powers, D. K., Hall, A. D., and Cornell, R. G. (1958). A rapid macroscopic-slide screening test for the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis. Amer. J. vet. Res., 19, 505-512.","journal-title":"Amer. J. vet. Res"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Wld Hith Org tech","volume":"464","year":"1971","unstructured":"Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Brucellosis. Fifth report. (1971). Wld Hith Org tech. Rep. Ser., No. 464.","journal-title":"Rep. Ser"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.26.1.7","article-title":"Genus-specific leptospiral antigen and its possible use in laboratory diagnosis","volume":"26","author":"Palit, A.; Gulasekharam, J.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Palit, A. and Gulasekharam, J. (1973). Genus-specific leptospiral antigen and its possible use in laboratory diagnosis. J. clin. Path., 26, 7-16.","journal-title":"J. clin. Path"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)37632-7","article-title":"Comparison of microscopic agglutination, indirect haemagglutination and complement-fixation tests in rabbit and buffalo-calf hyperimmune sera for detection of leptospiral antibodies","volume":"127","author":"Palit, A.; Sharma, G.L.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Palit, A. and Sharma, G. L. (1971). 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