{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:49:47Z","timestamp":1767340187220,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An adult with long-standing neutropenia had the functional granulocyte abnormalities typical of the lazy leucocyte syndrome. Scanning electron microscopy of the patient's neutrophils showed alteration in the surface configuration of the cell with coarsening of the normal fine ruffles and the appearance of knob-like projections. Similar functional and anatomical changes were induced in normal neutrophils by treatment with vinblastine. The lazy leucocyte syndrome may be a consequence of altered membrane microfilamentous protein structure or function, and undue rigidity of the affected neutrophils may explain the clinicopathological features of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.31.4.300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"300-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Lazy leucocyte syndrome--disorder of the granulocyte membrane?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"P H","family":"Pinkerton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J B","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J S","family":"Senn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1978,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104230","article-title":"Leukokinetic studies III. The normal distribution of granulocytes in the blood of normal subjects","volume":"40","year":"1961","unstructured":"Athens, J. W., Raab, S. 0., Haab, 0. P., Mauer, A. M., Ashenbrucker, H., Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M. (1961). Leukokinetic studies III. The normal distribution of granulocytes in the blood of normal subjects. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 40, 159-164.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"317327","article-title":"Molecular basis for functional disorders of phagocytes","volume":"84","author":"Baehner, R.L.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Baehner, R. L. (1974). Molecular basis for functional disorders of phagocytes. Journal ofPediatrics, 84, 317327.","journal-title":"Journal ofPediatrics"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"249260","article-title":"Leukokinetic studies XIII. A non-steady-state kinetic evaluation of the mechanism of cortisone-induced granulocytosis","volume":"47","author":"Bishop, C.R.; Athens, J.W.; Boggs, D.R.; Warner, H.R.; Cartwright, G.E.; Wintrobe, M.M.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Bishop, C. R., Athens, J. W., Boggs, D. R., Warner, H. R., Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M. (1968). Leukokinetic studies XIII. A non-steady-state kinetic evaluation of the mechanism of cortisone-induced granulocytosis. Journal ofClinical Investigation, 47, 249260.","journal-title":"Journal ofClinical Investigation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.115.3.453","article-title":"The chemotactic effect of mixtures of antibody and antigen on polymorphonuclear leucocytes","volume":"115","author":"Boyden, S.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Boyden, S. (1962). The chemotactic effect of mixtures of antibody and antigen on polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Journal ofExperimental Medicine, 115, 453-466.","journal-title":"Journal ofExperimental Medicine"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"483499","article-title":"Studies on human leukocyte motility","volume":"124","author":"Bryant, R.E.; DesPrez, R.M.; VanWay, M.H.; Rogers, D.E.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Bryant, R. E., DesPrez, R. M., VanWay, M. H., and Rogers, D. E. (1966). Studies on human leukocyte motility. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 124, 483499.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780080438","article-title":"Colchicine inhibition of chemotaxis","volume":"8","author":"Caner, J.E.Z.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Caner, J. E. Z. (1965). Colchicine inhibition of chemotaxis. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 8, 757-764.","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106765","article-title":"Defective granulocyte chemotaxis in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Clark, R.A.; Kimball, H.R.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Clark, R. A., and Kimball, H. R. (1971). Defective granulocyte chemotaxis in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 50, 2645-2652.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"The White Cell","author":"Cline, M.J.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Cline, M. J. (1975). The White Cell. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"945","article-title":"Lazyleukocyte syndrome. A case report","volume":"87","author":"Constantopoulos, A.; Karpathios, T.; Nicolaidou, P.; Maounis, F.; Matsaniotis, N.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Constantopoulos, A., Karpathios, T., Nicolaidou, P., Maounis, F., and Matsaniotis, N. (1975). Lazyleukocyte syndrome. A case report. Journal of Pediatrics, 87, 945-946.","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1968.tb01537.x","article-title":"Prednisolone-induced granulocytosis","volume":"15","author":"Cream, J.J.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Cream, J. J. (1968). Prednisolone-induced granulocytosis. British Journal of Haematology, 15, 259-267.","journal-title":"British Journal of Haematology"},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Practical Haematology","author":"Dacie, J.V.; Lewis, S.M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Dacie, J. V., and Lewis, S. M. (1975). Practical Haematology, 5th edition. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.","edition":"5th edition"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"127129","article-title":"Effect of vinblastine on the chemotactic responsiveness of normal human neutrophils","volume":"8","author":"Edelson, P.J.; Fudenberg, H.H.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Edelson, P. J., and Fudenberg, H. H. (1973). Effect of vinblastine on the chemotactic responsiveness of normal human neutrophils. Infection and Immunity, 8, 127129.","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1976.tb00178.x","article-title":"Defective neutrophil function in chronic granulocytic leukaemia","volume":"34","author":"El-Maalen, H.; Fletcher, J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"El-Maalen, H., and Fletcher, J. (1976). Defective neutrophil function in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. British Journal of Haematology, 34, 95-103.","journal-title":"British Journal of Haematology"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"Atlas of Scanning Electron Microscopy in Medicine","author":"Fujita, T.; Tokunaga, J.; Inoue, H.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fujita, T., Tokunaga, J., and Inoue, H. (1971). Atlas of Scanning Electron Microscopy in Medicine. Elsevier, Amsterdam and New York."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-2261(21)00096-5","article-title":"Leucocyte chemotaxis: physiological considerations and abnormalities","volume":"4","author":"Gallin, J.I.; Wolff, S.M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Gallin, J. I., and Wolff, S. M. (1975). Leucocyte chemotaxis: physiological considerations and abnormalities. Clinics in Haematology, 4, 567-607.","journal-title":"Clinics in Haematology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107282","article-title":"Marrow cells egress. The central interaction of barrier pore size and cell maturation","volume":"52","author":"Giordano, G.F.; Lichtman, M.A.; Mayle, E.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Giordano, G. F., Lichtman, M. A., and Mayle, E. (1973). Marrow cells egress. The central interaction of barrier pore size and cell maturation. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 52, 1154-1164.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V41.6.753.753","article-title":"Granulopoiesis in neutropenic disorders","volume":"41","author":"Greenberg, P.L.; Schrier, S.L.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Greenberg, P. L., and Schrier, S. L. (1973). Granulopoiesis in neutropenic disorders. Blood, 41, 753-769.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V37.1.1.1","article-title":"Colony formation by normal and leukemic human marrow cells in culture: effect of conditioned medium from human leukocytes","volume":"37","author":"Iscove, N.N.; Senn, J.S.; Till, J.E.; McCulloch, E.A.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Iscove, N. N., Senn, J. S., Till, J. E., and McCulloch, E. A. (1971). Colony formation by normal and leukemic human marrow cells in culture: effect of conditioned medium from human leukocytes. Blood, 37, 1-5.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.69.2.471","article-title":"Membrane microfilaments of erythrocytes: Alterations in intact cells reproduces the hereditary spherocytosis syndrome","volume":"69","author":"Jacob, H.S.; Amsden, T.; White, J.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Jacob, H. S., Amsden, T., and White, J. (1972). Membrane microfilaments of erythrocytes: Alterations in intact cells reproduces the hereditary spherocytosis syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ofthe United States ofAmerica, 69, 471-474.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ofthe United States ofAmerica"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"614","article-title":"Marginal neutrophil pool size in normal subjects and neutropenic patients as measured by epinephrine infusion","volume":"88","author":"Joyce, R.A.; Boggs, D.R.; Hasiba, U.; Srodes, C.H.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Joyce, R. A., Boggs, D. R., Hasiba, U., and Srodes, C. H. (1976). Marginal neutrophil pool size in normal subjects and neutropenic patients as measured by epinephrine infusion. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 88, 614-620.","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V26.2.215.215","article-title":"Simplified myeloperoxidase stain using benzidine dihydrochloride","volume":"26","author":"Kaplow, L.S.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Kaplow, L. S. (1965). Simplified myeloperoxidase stain using benzidine dihydrochloride. Blood, 26, 215-219.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_22","article-title":"A comparison of blood cells by the light microscope and scanning electron microscope","author":"Kupari-Koby, H.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kupari-Koby, H. (1976). A comparison of blood cells by the light microscope and scanning electron microscope."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"33","volume":"38","unstructured":"Canadian Journal of Medical Technology, 38, 33-49.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Medical Technology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.98.3.996-1004.1969","article-title":"Interaction of Candida albicans with human leucocytes and serum","volume":"98","author":"Lehrer, R. 1.; Cline, M. J","year":"1969","unstructured":"Lehrer, R. 1., and Cline, M. J. (1969). Interaction of Candida albicans with human leucocytes and serum. Journal of Bacteriology, 98, 996-1004.","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197010292831801","article-title":"Cellular deformability during maturation of the myeloblast. Possible role in marrow egress","volume":"283","author":"Lichtman, M.A.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Lichtman, M. A. (1970). Cellular deformability during maturation of the myeloblast. Possible role in marrow egress. New England Journal of Medicine, 283, 943-948.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"507","article-title":"The shape and surface morphology of human leucocytes in vitro: effect of temperature, metabolic inhibitors and agents that influence membrane structure","volume":"2","author":"Lichtman, M.A.; Santillo, P.A.; Kerney, E.A.; Roberts, G.W.; Weed, R.I.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Lichtman, M. A., Santillo, P. A., Kerney, E. A., Roberts, G. W., and Weed, R. I. (1976). The shape and surface morphology of human leucocytes in vitro: effect of temperature, metabolic inhibitors and agents that influence membrane structure. Blood Cells, 2, 507-531.","journal-title":"Blood Cells"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V39.3.301.301","article-title":"Alteration of the cell periphery during granulocyte maturation: relationship to cell function","volume":"39","author":"Lichtman, M.A.; Weed, R.I.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lichtman, M. A., and Weed, R. I. (1972). Alteration of the cell periphery during granulocyte maturation: relationship to cell function. Blood, 39, 301-316.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780080437","article-title":"The action of colchicine in acute gout","volume":"8","author":"Malawista, S.E.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Malawista, S. E. (1965). The action of colchicine in acute gout. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 8, 752-756.","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V37.5.519.519","article-title":"Vinblastine: Colchicine-like effects on human blood leucocytes during phagocytosis","volume":"37","author":"Malawista, S.E.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Malawista, S. E. (1971). Vinblastine: Colchicine-like effects on human blood leucocytes during phagocytosis. Blood, 37, 519-529.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"59","article-title":"Pathology of chemotaxis and random mobility","volume":"12","author":"Miller, M.E.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Miller, M. E. (1975). Pathology of chemotaxis and random mobility. Seminars in Hematology, 12, 59-82.","journal-title":"Seminars in Hematology"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"665","article-title":"Lazyleucocyte syndrome. A new disorder of neutrophil function","volume":"1","author":"Miller, M.E.; Oski, F.A.; Harris, M.B.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Miller, M. E., Oski, F. A., and Harris, M. B. (1971). Lazyleucocyte syndrome. A new disorder of neutrophil function. Lancet, 1, 665-669.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"year":"1968","author":"Park, B.H.; Fikrig, S.M.; Smithwick, E.M.","key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Park, B. H., Fikrig, S. M., and Smithwick, E. M. (1968)."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(70)90207-2","article-title":"test stimulated (Letter)","volume":"2","author":"Park, B.W.; Good, R.A.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Park, B. W., and Good, R. A. (1970). N.B.T. test stimulated (Letter). Lancet, 2, 616-617.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"143","article-title":"Pathology of the bactericidal power of neutrophils","volume":"12","author":"Quie, P.G.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Quie, P. G. (1975). Pathology of the bactericidal power of neutrophils. Seminars in Hematology, 12, 143-160.","journal-title":"Seminars in Hematology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105568","article-title":"In vitro bacteriacidal capacity of human polymorphnuclear leucocytes: diminished activity in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood","volume":"46","author":"Quie, P.G.; White, J.G.; Holmes, B.; Good, R.A.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Quie, P. G., White, J. G., Holmes, B., and Good, R. A. (1967). In vitro bacteriacidal capacity of human polymorphnuclear leucocytes: diminished activity in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 46, 668-679.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1955.tb45983.x","article-title":"A method of studying leucocytic functions in vivo","volume":"59","author":"Rebuck, J.W.; Crowley, J.H.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Rebuck, J. W., and Crowley, J. H. (1955). A method of studying leucocytic functions in vivo. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 59, 757-805.","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V44.1.33.33","article-title":"Analysis of interacting cell populations in cultures of marrow from patients with neutropenia","volume":"44","author":"Senn, J.S.; Messner, H.A.; Stanley, E.R.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Senn, J. S., Messner, H. A., and Stanley, E. R. (1974). Analysis of interacting cell populations in cultures of marrow from patients with neutropenia. Blood, 44, 33-","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"2272","article-title":"Colony stimulating factor and the regulation of granulopoiesis and macrophage production","volume":"34","author":"Stanley, E.R.; Hansen, G.; Woodcock, J.; Metcalf, D.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Stanley, E. R., Hansen, G., Woodcock, J., and Metcalf, D. (1975). Colony stimulating factor and the regulation of granulopoiesis and macrophage production. Federation Proceedings, 34, 2272-2278.","journal-title":"Federation Proceedings"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V49.2.241.241","article-title":"The molecular lesion of hereditary soherocytosis (HS): A continuing enigma","volume":"49","author":"Valentine, W.N.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Valentine, W. N. (1977). The molecular lesion of hereditary soherocytosis (HS): A continuing enigma. Blood, 49, 241-245.","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.31.4.300","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T08:03:58Z","timestamp":1765699438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.31.4.300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1978,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1978,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.31.4.300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.31.4.300","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-9746"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1472-4146"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1978,4]]}}}