{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T07:49:07Z","timestamp":1765007347184,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The technique of direct immunofluorescence has been applied to skin biopsy specimens fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin wax. The results have been compared with those obtained by using snap-frozen biopsy specimens from the same patients. Trypsinisation of the dewaxed material allowed subsequent detection of immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrinogen. When compared to the fluorescence in the snap-frozen specimens, the staining in the paraffin sections was less bright and there was a higher rate of negatives. Even so, it was possible to establish the diagnosis in most cases of pemphigus, pemphigoid, and lupus erythematosus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.33.4.365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"365-369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Direct immunofluorescence of skin using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"S L","family":"Mera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E W","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J W","family":"Bradfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1980,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Uses for immunofluorescence tests of skin and sera; utilization of immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of bullous diseases, lupus erythematosus, and certain other dermatoses","volume":"111","author":"Jablonska, S.; Beutner, E.H.; Michel, B.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Jablonska S, Beutner EH, Michel B, et al. Uses for immunofluorescence tests of skin and sera; utilization of immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of bullous diseases, lupus erythematosus, and certain other dermatoses. Arch Dermatol 1975;111:371-81."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12598101","article-title":"Cutaneous immunopathology: Recent observations","volume":"65","author":"Tuffanelli, D.L.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Tuffanelli DL. Cutaneous immunopathology: Recent observations. J Invest Dermatol 1975;65:143-53.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"49","article-title":"The evaluation of a special liquid fixative for direct immunofluorescence. Clin Exp Dermatol","volume":"2","author":"Skeete, M.V.H.; Black, M.M.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Skeete MVH, Black MM. The evaluation of a special liquid fixative for direct immunofluorescence. Clin Exp Dermatol 1977;2:49-56."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"213","article-title":"In Immunopathology of the Skin: Labeled Antibody Studies. EH Beutner, TP Chorzelski, SF","author":"Beutner, E.H.; Hale, W.L.; Nisengard, R.J.; Chorzelski, T.P.; Holubar, K.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Beutner EH, Hale WL, Nisengard RJ, Chorzelski TP, Holubar K. In Immunopathology of the Skin: Labeled Antibody Studies. EH Beutner, TP Chorzelski, SF Bean, RE Jordan, eds. Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania: Dowden, Hutchinson, and Ross, 1973:213-7."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/69.1.66","article-title":"loachim HL. A method for the use of immunofluorescence on paraffin-embedded tissues","volume":"69","author":"Dorsett, B.H.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Dorsett BH, loachim HL. A method for the use of immunofluorescence on paraffin-embedded tissues. Am J Clin Pathol 1978;69:66-72.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.31.10.974","article-title":"Demonstration of immunoglobulin in cryostat and paraffin sections of human tonsil by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques","volume":"31","author":"Curran, R.C.; Gregory, J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Curran RC, Gregory J. Demonstration of immunoglobulin in cryostat and paraffin sections of human tonsil by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. J Clin Pathol 1978;31:974-83.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.27.7.548","article-title":"Intracellular immunoglobulins. A comparative study on three standard tissue processing methods using horseradish peroxidase and fluorochrome conjugates","volume":"27","author":"Burns, J.; Hambridge, M.; Taylor, C.R.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Burns J, Hambridge M, Taylor CR. Intracellular immunoglobulins. A comparative study on three standard tissue processing methods using horseradish peroxidase and fluorochrome conjugates. J Clin Pathol 1974;27:548-57.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"383","article-title":"Application of immunofluorescent staining on paraffin sections improved by trypsin digestion","volume":"35","author":"Huang, S.N.; Minassian, H.; More, J.D.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Huang SN, Minassian H, More JD. Application of immunofluorescent staining on paraffin sections improved by trypsin digestion. Lab Invest 1976;35: 383-90.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01920206","article-title":"The unmasking of antigens in paraffin sections of tissue by trypsin","volume":"33","author":"Curran, R.C.; Gregory, J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Curran RC, Gregory J. The unmasking of antigens in paraffin sections of tissue by trypsin. Experientia 1977;33:1400-1.","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.27.1.14","article-title":"The demonstration of plasma cells and other immunoglobulin-containing cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using peroxidase-labelled antibody","volume":"27","author":"Taylor, C.R.; Burns, J.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Taylor CR, Burns J. The demonstration of plasma cells and other immunoglobulin-containing cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using peroxidase-labelled antibody. J Clin Pathol 1973;27: 14-20.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00499711","article-title":"Background staining and sensitivity of the unlabelled antibody-enzyme (PAP) method. Comparison with the peroxidase labelled antibody sandwich method using formalin fixed paraffin embedded material","volume":"43","author":"Burns, J.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Burns J. Background staining and sensitivity of the unlabelled antibody-enzyme (PAP) method. Comparison with the peroxidase labelled antibody sandwich method using formalin fixed paraffin embedded material. Histochemistry 1975;43:291-4.","journal-title":"Histochemistry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.33.4.365","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T07:44:47Z","timestamp":1765007087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.33.4.365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1980,4]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1980,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.33.4.365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.33.4.365","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-9746"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1472-4146"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1980,4]]}}}