{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:38:27Z","timestamp":1765730307907,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,6]]},"abstract":"\n Sera from 31 Legionnaires' disease (LD) survivors of the Philadelphia outbreak, 31 Legionnaire (L) controls, and 300 additional controls were examined for the presence of specific antibodies to five antigen preparations of\n Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n (serogroup 1) to determine the effect of antigen preparation on the sensitivity and specificity of the indirect immunofluorescence test. Diagnostic levels were determined for each antigen at the upper limit of normal value (ULNV) titre, which established the titre not exceeded by 85% of controls.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Antigens were prepared from formalin-killed\n L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n suspended in egg yolk sac (EYS) (LPF:EYS) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) (LPF:BSA); and from heat-killed organisms suspended in EYS (LPH:EYS) or BSA (LPH:BSA). Antigen was also supplied by the Center for Disease Control (CDC:AG).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Although there was wide variation in the sensitivity of the antigens, at the ULNV level all antigens tested could be used to differentiate LD survivors from L controls (p<0.001;\n X<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n test). Formalin treatment resulted in the most specific antigen by eliminating titres in L controls. The results of the\n X<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n test, comparing LD survivors with L controls, ranked the antigens in the following ascending order of sensitivity: LPH:BSA 15\u00b73, <CDC:AG 22\u00b78, <LPH:EYS 24\u00b72, <LPF:BSA 45, <LPF:EYS 51. Moreover, when differences in positive results among LD survivors were compared, statistically significant differences were found when LPF:EYS (p<0\u00b701;\n X<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n test) and LPF:BSA (p<0\u00b7025;\n X<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n test) were compared with CDC:AG, LPH:EYS, and LPH:BSA antigens. Titres in 300 additional controls paralleled those found in L controls.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n It was concluded that formalin treatment of\n L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n resulted in a sensitive antigen, which increased the number of positive tests in survivors while decreasing false-positive tests in controls. It should be considered for use in routine testing programmes for diagnosing LD.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.33.6.585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"585-590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Legionnaires' disease serology"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Gary L","family":"Lattimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth A","family":"Cepil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1980,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-89-3-413","article-title":"The diagnosis of Legionnaires'","volume":"89","author":"Tsai, T.R.; Fraser, D.W.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Tsai TR, Fraser DW. The diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease. Ann Intern Med 1978;89:413-4.","journal-title":"disease. Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197712012972202","article-title":"Legionnaires' disease: isolation of a bacterium and demonstration of its role in other respiratory disease","volume":"297","author":"McDade, J.E.; Shepard, C.C.; Fraser, D.W.; Tsai, T.R.; Redus, M.A.; Dowdle, W.R.","year":"1977","unstructured":"McDade JE, Shepard CC, Fraser DW, Tsai TR, Redus MA, Dowdle WR. Legionnaires' disease: isolation of a bacterium and demonstration of its role in other respiratory disease. N Engl J Med 1977; 297:1197-203.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-4-656","article-title":"Classification of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium: Legionella pneumophila, genus novum, species nova, of the family Legionellaceae, familia nova","volume":"90","author":"Brenner, D.J.; Steigerwalt, A.G.; McDade, J.E.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Brenner DJ, Steigerwalt AG, McDade JE. Classification of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium: Legionella pneumophila, genus novum, species nova, of the family Legionellaceae, familia nova. Ann Intern Med 1979;90:656-8.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/138.2.260","article-title":"Legionnaires' disease: antigenic pecularities, strain differences, and antibiotic sensitivities of the agent","volume":"138","author":"Ormsbee, R.A.; Peacock, M.G.; Lattimer, G.L.; Page, L.A.; Fiset, P.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ormsbee RA, Peacock MG, Lattimer GL, Page LA, Fiset P. Legionnaires' disease: antigenic pecularities, strain differences, and antibiotic sensitivities of the agent. J Infect Dis 1978;138:260-4.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1979.11.issue-4.03","article-title":"Diagnostic specificity of immunoglobulin M response in differentiating Legionnaires' disease from psittacosis","volume":"11","author":"Lattimer, G.L.; Ormsbee, R.A.; Peacock, M.G.; Rhodes, L.V.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lattimer GL, Ormsbee RA, Peacock MG, Rhodes LV. Diagnostic specificity of immunoglobulin M response in differentiating Legionnaires' disease from psittacosis. Scand J Inf Dis 1979;11:271-3.","journal-title":"Scand J Inf Dis"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1978.03290020049022","article-title":"Legionnaires' disease in Vermont, May to October 1977","volume":"240","author":"AA, Beaty H.N.Miller; CV, Broome; S, Goings; CA, Phillips","year":"1978","unstructured":"Beaty HN. Miller AA, Broome CV, Goings S, Phillips CA. Legionnaires' disease in Vermont, May to October 1977. JAMA 1978;240:127-31.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-89-3-297","article-title":"Legionnaires' disease: Clinical features of 24 cases","volume":"89","author":"Kirby, B.D.; Snyder, K.M.; Meyer, R.D.; Finegold, S.M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kirby BD, Snyder KM, Meyer RD, Finegold SM. Legionnaires' disease: Clinical features of 24 cases. Ann Intern Med 1978;89:297-309.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-4-684","article-title":"Scottish experience with the serologic diagnosis of Legionnaires'","volume":"90","author":"Fallon, R.J.; Abraham, W.H.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Fallon RJ, Abraham WH. Scottish experience with the serologic diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease. Ann Intern Med 1979;90:684-6.","journal-title":"disease. Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"686","article-title":"False positive reactions in the indirect fluorescent antibody test for Legionnaires' disease eliminated by use of formolised yolk-sac antigen","volume":"90","author":"Taylor, A.G.; Harrison, T.G.; Dighero, M.W.; Bradstreet, C.M.P.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Taylor AG, Harrison TG, Dighero MW, Bradstreet CMP. False positive reactions in the indirect fluorescent antibody test for Legionnaires' disease eliminated by use of formolised yolk-sac antigen. Ann Intern Med 1979;90:686-9.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"109","article-title":"Legionnaires'","volume":"1","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lattimer GL, Rhodes LV, 3rd, Cepil B. Legionnaires' serotypes (Letter). Lancet 1979;1:109.","journal-title":"serotypes (Letter). Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-4-522","article-title":"The Philadelphia epidemic of Legionnaires' disease: clinical, pulmonary, and serologic findings two years later","volume":"90","author":"Lattimer, G.L.; Rhodes, L.V.; Salventi, J.S.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lattimer GL, Rhodes LV, Salventi JS et al. The Philadelphia epidemic of Legionnaires' disease: clinical, pulmonary, and serologic findings two years later. 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Legionnaires' diseaseUnited States. Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep 1978;27: 439-41.","journal-title":"diseaseUnited States. Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.8.3.329-338.1978","article-title":"Detection of Legionnaires' disease bacteria by direct immunofluorescent staining","volume":"8","author":"Cherry, W.B.; Pittman, B.; Harris, P.P.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Cherry WB, Pittman B, Harris PP et al. Detection of Legionnaires' disease bacteria by direct immunofluorescent staining. J. Clin Microbiol 1978;8:329-38.","journal-title":"J. Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_15","article-title":"Disease Control. Legionnaires' Disease Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Research Reagents, Revised Instructions. US Department of Health Education and Welfare","author":"for, Center","year":"1978","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control. Legionnaires' Disease Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Research Reagents, Revised Instructions. US Department of Health Education and Welfare, December 1978;1-9."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)90216-2","article-title":"Legionnaires' disease caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3 (Letter)","volume":"2","author":"Taylor, A.G.; Harrison, T.G.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Taylor AG, Harrison TG. Legionnaires' disease caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3 (Letter). Lancet 1979;2:47.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.33.6.585","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:36:14Z","timestamp":1765730174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.33.6.585"}},"subtitle":["Effect of antigen preparation on specificity and sensitivity of the indirect fluorescent antibody test"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1980,6]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1980,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.33.6.585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.33.6.585","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-9746"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1472-4146"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1980,6]]}}}