{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T15:14:31Z","timestamp":1765725271316,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nine genera of microbes isolated from the lower genital tract of 187 women in labour in Zaria have been identified. The work was undertaken to establish the nature of microorganisms in the lower genital tract of women in labour as a basis for further study. The isolates in order of prevalence were: Candida albicans (20.9%), Klebsiella sp (15.0%), Escherichia coli (9.1%), Streptococcus faecalis (6.4%), haemolytic streptococci (other than Streptococcus pyogenes (2.7%), Streptococcus viridans (2.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.1%), Aeromonas hydrophila (2.1%), Proteus mirabilis (1.1%), Peptostreptococcus putridus (1.1%), Streptococcus pyogenes (0.5%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (0.5%). Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus sp, Lactobacillus sp, and Clostridium sp were sought but not found. Chlamydia, viruses, and T-strains of mycoplasma and trichomonas were not sought. It appears from this study that the lower genital tract of most women in Zaria at the time of labour is heavily colonised by pathogens. For this reason alone prolonged labour and trauma to the genital tract at the time of delivery should be avoided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.34.1.82","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"82-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Microbial flora of the lower genital tract of women in labour in Zaria, Nigeria."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"C C","family":"Ekwempu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R V","family":"Lawande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L J","family":"Egler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria","author":"Cowan, S.T.; Steel, K.J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Cowan ST, Steel KJ. Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria. London: Cambridge University Press, 1974."},{"issue":"10","key":"ref_2","first-page":"247","article-title":"The bacterial flora of the human vagina","volume":"1938","author":"Weinstein, L.","unstructured":"Weinstein L. The bacterial flora of the human vagina. Yale J Biol Med 1938;10:247.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.28.9.731","article-title":"Microbial flora of the lower genital tract during pregnancy: relationship to morbidity","volume":"28","author":"de Louvois J; R, Hurley; VC, Stanley","year":"1975","unstructured":"de Louvois J, Hurley R, Stanley VC. Microbial flora of the lower genital tract during pregnancy: relationship to morbidity. 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Obstet Gynaecol 1955;5:93-101.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1291","article-title":"Preoperative vaginal bacteria and post operative infections in gynaecological patients","volume":"2","author":"Neary, M.P.; Allen, J.; Okubadejo, O.A.; Payne, D.J.H.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Neary MP, Allen J, Okubadejo OA, Payne DJH. Preoperative vaginal bacteria and post operative infections in gynaecological patients. Lancet 1973;2:1291-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(73)90750-3","article-title":"Anaerobic infections of the female genital tract: bacteriologic and therapeutic aspects","volume":"117","author":"Thadepalli, H.; Gorbach, S.L.; Keith, L.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Thadepalli H, Gorbach SL, Keith L. Anaerobic infections of the female genital tract: bacteriologic and therapeutic aspects. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 1973;117:1034-40.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)93226-7","article-title":"Bacteroides in gynaecological infections","volume":"1","author":"Craft, I.; Ghandi, F.; Hardy, R.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Craft I, Ghandi F, Hardy R. Bacteroides in gynaecological infections. Lancet 1974;1:677.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-5-3-313","article-title":"Distribution and significance of Candida precipitins in sera from pregnant women","volume":"5","author":"Stanley, V.C.; Hurley, R.; Carroll, C.J.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Stanley VC, Hurley R, Carroll CJ. Distribution and significance of Candida precipitins in sera from pregnant women. J Med Microbiol 1972;5:313-20.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.34.1.82","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T15:12:16Z","timestamp":1765725136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.34.1.82"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.34.1.82"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.34.1.82","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-9746"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1472-4146"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]}}}