{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T18:36:08Z","timestamp":1782671768859,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vasculitis has been seen in rectal biopsies from 22 patients over a six year period. The most common finding was a necrotising vasculitis of small arteries, indistinguishable from that seen in polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). Sub-acute, chronic (\"burnt out\") and leucocytoclastic changes were also seen. Sixteen patients had vasculitis complicating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 3 PAN and 3 overlap syndromes. Patients with RA and rectal vasculitis had a higher mortality, and a greater incidence of neuropathy than those with negative biopsies. An adequate biopsy is positive in 40% of patients with clinical vasculitis and RA but was only positive in one of a control series of 46 RA patients with no clinical vasculitis. Rectal biopsy in experienced hands is a safe, and repeatable procedure. It is useful as a \"blind\" biopsy site in the diagnosis of systemic vasculitis, especially that complicating RA. It can also be used for serial studies of the evolution of vasculitis. Serial sections of the entire biopsy may be required to reveal the vasculitis which is often focal in nature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.34.8.843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"843-850","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Rectal biopsy in the diagnosis of systemic vasculitis."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"C R","family":"Tribe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D G","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P A","family":"Bacon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-196009000-00008","article-title":"Rectal biopsy for the diagnosis of amyloidosis","volume":"240","author":"Gafni, J.; Sohar, E.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Gafni J, Sohar E. Rectal biopsy for the diagnosis of amyloidosis. Am J Med Sci 1960;240:332-6.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.22.4.256","article-title":"Amyloidosis in rheumatoid arthritis, investigated by means of rectal biopsy","volume":"22","author":"Arapakis, G.; Tribe, C.R.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Arapakis G, Tribe CR. Amyloidosis in rheumatoid arthritis, investigated by means of rectal biopsy. Ann Rheum Dis 1963;22:256-62.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"70","article-title":"Rheumatoid disease Amyloidosis and its treatment with penicillamine","volume":"2","author":"Bacon, P.A.; Tribe, C.R.; Harrison, P.; McKenzie, J.C.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bacon PA, Tribe CR, Harrison P, McKenzie JC. Rheumatoid disease Amyloidosis and its treatment with penicillamine. Eur J Rheum Inflamm 1979;2:70-4.","journal-title":"Eur J Rheum Inflamm"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-68-3-561","article-title":"Suction biopsy of the rectal mucosa for diagnosis of arteritis in rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases","volume":"68","author":"Schneider, R.E.; Dobbins, W.O.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Schneider RE, Dobbins WO. Suction biopsy of the rectal mucosa for diagnosis of arteritis in rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases. Ann Intern Med 1968;68:561-8.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1082","article-title":"Rectal biopsy as a diagnostic aid in periarteritis nodosa","volume":"7","author":"Rosenman, E.; Levij, I.S.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Rosenman E, Levij IS. Rectal biopsy as a diagnostic aid in periarteritis nodosa. Isr J Med Sci 1971;7:1082-4.","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"205","article-title":"Systemic rheumatoid vasculitis: A clinical and laboratory study of 50 cases","volume-title":"of the evidence of hypersensitivity in polyarteritis nodosa. Mayo Clin Proc 1964; Classification and etiologic aspects of necrotising angiitides: an analytic approach to a confused subject with a critical review","volume":"39","author":"Scott, D.G.I.; Bacon, P.A.; Tribe, C.R.","unstructured":"Scott DGI, Bacon PA, Tribe CR. Systemic rheumatoid vasculitis: A clinical and laboratory study of 50 cases. (in press). 7Alarcon-Segovia D, Brown AL. Classification and etiologic aspects of necrotising angiitides: an analytic approach to a confused subject with a critical review of the evidence of hypersensitivity in polyarteritis nodosa. Mayo Clin Proc 1964;39:205-22."},{"issue":"44","key":"ref_7","first-page":"19","article-title":"The Cheshire cat syndrome","volume":"1968","author":"Bywaters, E.G.L.","unstructured":"Bywaters EGL. The Cheshire cat syndrome. Postgrad Med J 1968;44:19-22.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)33704-5","article-title":"Muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of periarteritis nodosa","volume":"32","year":"1952","unstructured":"Maxeiner SR, McDonald JR, Kirklin JW. Muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of periarteritis nodosa. Surg Clin North Am 1952;32:1225-33.","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(61)90064-X","article-title":"Arteritis in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"30","author":"Schmid, F.R.; Cooper, N.S.; Ziff, M.; McEwan, C.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Schmid FR, Cooper NS, Ziff M, McEwan C. Arteritis in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med 1961;30:56-83.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780150202","article-title":"Immunopathologic study of sural nerves in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Conn, D.L.; McDuffie, S.C.; Dyck, P.J.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Conn DL, McDuffie SC, Dyck PJ. Immunopathologic study of sural nerves in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1972;15:135-43.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"823","article-title":"Sural nerve biopsies in rheumatoid arthritis; Light microscopic and immunofluorescent findings in 13 patients","volume":"21","author":"Starz, T.W.; Medsger, T.A.; Eisenbeis, C.H.; Mitre, B.K.; Rabin, B.S.; Tolchin, S.F.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Starz TW, Medsger TA, Eisenbeis CH, Mitre BK, Rabin BS, Tolchin SF. 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