{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:48:21Z","timestamp":1765730901953,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Velvet pads have been evaluated in an experimental, laboratory model, simulating intraoperative sampling of Staphylococcus epidermis, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. After sampling, the pad was placed in a transport medium and kept in an anaerobic atmosphere, before being shaken and rinsed, followed by anaerobic and aerobic culture. This technique permitted quantitatively high recoveries of the test bacteria. Velvet pad sampling could be a measure to determine the density of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria during operation in an effort to predict the risk of postoperative wound sepsis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.35.12.1356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"1356-1360","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Velvet pad surface sampling of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria: an in vitro laboratory model."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Raahave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Friis-M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800630602","article-title":"Effect of plastic skin and wound drapes on the density of bacteria in operation wounds","volume":"63","author":"Raahave, D.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Raahave D. Effect of plastic skin and wound drapes on the density of bacteria in operation wounds. Br J Surg 1976;63:421-6.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.2.4.277-280.1975","article-title":"New technique for quantitative bacteriological sampling of wounds by velvet pads: clinical sampling trial","volume":"2","author":"Raahave, D.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Raahave D. New technique for quantitative bacteriological sampling of wounds by velvet pads: clinical sampling trial. J Clin Microbiol 1975;2:277-80.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800580504","article-title":"Postoperative wound infection: a computer analysis","volume":"58","author":"Davidson, A.I.G.; Clark, C.; Smith, G.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Davidson AIG, Clark C, Smith G. Postoperative wound infection: a computer analysis. Br J Surg 1971;58:333-7.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800620512","article-title":"Wound infections due to Bacteroides fragilis following intestinal surgery","volume":"62","author":"Leigh, D.A.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Leigh DA. Wound infections due to Bacteroides fragilis following intestinal surgery. Br J Surg 1975;62:375-8.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"99","article-title":"Wound infections in general surgery","volume":"142","author":"Broete, L.; Gillquist, J.; Taernvik, A.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Broete L, Gillquist J, Taernvik A. Wound infections in general surgery. Acta Chir Scand 1976;142:99-106.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"431","article-title":"Effects of adhesive drapes on contamination of operation wounds","volume":"ii:","author":"Lilly, H.A.; Lowbury, E.J.L.; London, P.S.; Porter, M.F.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Lilly HA, Lowbury EJL, London PS, Porter MF. Effects of adhesive drapes on contamination of operation wounds. Lancet 1970;ii:431-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"411","article-title":"Closure of abdominal incisions with subcutaneous catheters","volume":"80","author":"Mcllrath, D.C.; van Heerden, J.A.; Edis, A.J.; Dozois, R.R.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Mcllrath DC, van Heerden JA, Edis AJ, Dozois RR. Closure of abdominal incisions with subcutaneous catheters. Surgery 1976;80:411-6.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(77)90174-X","article-title":"A rapid technic for quantitating wound bacterial count","volume":"133","author":"Magee, C.; Hanry, B.; Rodeheaver, G.; Fox, J.; Edgerton, M.T.; Edlich, R.F.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Magee C, Hanry B, Rodeheaver G, Fox J, Edgerton MT, Edlich RF. A rapid technic for quantitating wound bacterial count. Am J Surg 1977;133:760-2.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197808000-00020","article-title":"Impact of oral antibiotic regimen on colonic flora, wound irrigation cultures and bacteriology of septic complications","volume":"188","author":"Bartlett, J.G.; Condon, R.E.; Gorbach, S.L.; Clarke, J.; Nichols, R.L.; Ochi, S.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bartlett JG, Condon RE, Gorbach SL, Clarke J, Nichols RL, Ochi S. Impact of oral antibiotic regimen on colonic flora, wound irrigation cultures and bacteriology of septic complications. Ann Surg 1978;188:249-54.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"527","article-title":"Septic complications in colorectal surgery after 24 hours versus 60 hours of preoperative antibiotic bowel preparation","volume":"144","author":"Scheibel, J.H.; Nielsen, M.L.; Wamberg, T.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Scheibel JH, Nielsen ML, Wamberg T. Septic complications in colorectal surgery after 24 hours versus 60 hours of preoperative antibiotic bowel preparation. Acta ChirScand 1978;144:527-32.","journal-title":"Acta ChirScand"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.23.3.509-514.1972","article-title":"Infected surface wound: an experimental model and a method for the quantitation of bacteria in infected tissue","volume":"23","author":"Saymen, D.G.; Nathan, P.; Holder, I.A.; Hill, E.O.; McMillan, B.G.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Saymen DG, Nathan P, Holder IA, Hill EO, McMillan BG. Infected surface wound: an experimental model and a method for the quantitation of bacteria in infected tissue. Appl Microbiol 1972;23:509-14.","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.32.2.143","article-title":"Anaerobic organisms in postoperative wounds","volume":"32","author":"Sanderson, P.J.; Wren, M.W.D.; Baldwin, W.F.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Sanderson PJ, Wren MWD, Baldwin WF. Anaerobic organisms in postoperative wounds. J Clin Pathol 1979;32:143-7.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-4-3-319","article-title":"Aerobic bacterial counts on human skin after bathing","volume":"4","author":"Holt, R.J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Holt RJ. Aerobic bacterial counts on human skin after bathing. J Med Microbiol 1971;4:319-27.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"Distribution-free statistical tests","author":"Bradley, J.V.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Bradley JV. Distribution-free statistical tests. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1968."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.63.3.399-406.1952","article-title":"Replica plating and indirect selection of bacterial mutants","volume":"63","author":"Lederberg, J.; Lederberg, E.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Lederberg J, Lederberg E. Replica plating and indirect selection of bacterial mutants. J Bacteriol 1952;63:399-406.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1958.tb17556.x","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of methods for determining the bacterial contamination of surfaces","volume":"23","author":"Angelotti, R.; Foter, M.J.; Busch, K.A.; Lewis, K.H.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Angelotti R, Foter MJ, Busch KA, Lewis KH. A comparative evaluation of methods for determining the bacterial contamination of surfaces. Food Res 1958;23:175-85.","journal-title":"Food Res"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"361","article-title":"The microbiological swab sampler-a quantitative experimental investigation","volume":"86","author":"Nystroem, P.O.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Nystroem PO. The microbiological swab sampler-a quantitative experimental investigation. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [BJ 1978;86:361-7.","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [BJ"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"\"504","article-title":"A note on the survival of some bacteria in different diluents","volume":"26","author":"King, W.L.; Hurst, A.","year":"1963","unstructured":"King WL, Hurst A. A note on the survival of some bacteria in different diluents. J Appl Bacteriol 1963;26:504-6. '9 Pettit F, Lowbury EJL. Survival of wound pathogens under different environmental conditions. J Hyg (Camb) 1968;66:393406.","journal-title":"J Appl Bacteriol; 9 Pettit F, Lowbury EJL. Survival of wound pathogens under different environmental conditions"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"12","article-title":"Evaluation of bacteriological transport medium","volume":"39","author":"Christian, D.L.; Ederer, G.M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Christian DL, Ederer GM. Evaluation of bacteriological transport medium. Am J Med Technol 1973;39:12-6.","journal-title":"Am J Med Technol"},{"year":"1977","author":"Holdemann LV, Moore WEC. Anaerobe laboratory manual. Virginia Polytechnique Institute and State University: Blacksburg","key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Holdemann LV, Moore WEC. Anaerobe laboratory manual. Virginia Polytechnique Institute and State University: Blacksburg, 1977."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"159","article-title":"A comparison of three methods for the transport of clinical specimens containing anaerobes","volume":"36","author":"Gargan, R.A.; Phillips, I.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Gargan RA, Phillips I. A comparison of three methods for the transport of clinical specimens containing anaerobes. Med Lab Sci 1979;36:159-69.","journal-title":"Med Lab Sci"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.10.3.331-333.1979","article-title":"Practical technique for quantitating anaerobic bacteria in tissue specimens","volume":"10","author":"Spengler, M.D.; Rodeheaver, G.T.; Edlich, R.F.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Spengler MD, Rodeheaver GT, Edlich RF. Practical technique for quantitating anaerobic bacteria in tissue specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1979;10:331-3.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.27.7.578","article-title":"The isolation of anaerobic bacteria from wound swabs","volume":"27","author":"Peach, S.; Hayek, L.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Peach S, Hayek L. The isolation of anaerobic bacteria from wound swabs. J Clin Pathol 1974;27:578-82.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"81","article-title":"The value of an operative wound swab sent in transport medium in the prediction of later clinical wound infection: a controlled clinical and bacteriological evaluation","volume-title":"Br JSurg","volume":"65","author":"Kelly, M.; Warren, R.E.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kelly M, Warren RE. The value of an operative wound swab sent in transport medium in the prediction of later clinical wound infection: a controlled clinical and bacteriological evaluation. Br JSurg 1978;65:81-8."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01639876","article-title":"Factors contributing to loss of anaerobic bacteria in transit from the patient to the laboratory","volume":"2","author":"Collee, J.G.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Collee JG. Factors contributing to loss of anaerobic bacteria in transit from the patient to the laboratory. Infect 1980;suppl 2:145-7.","journal-title":"Infect"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.15.3.670-671.1967","article-title":"A method for the quantitation of bacteria in burn wounds","volume":"15","author":"Brentano, L.; Gravens, D.L.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Brentano L, Gravens DL. A method for the quantitation of bacteria in burn wounds. Appl Microbiol 1967;15:670-1.","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"471","article-title":"An endogenous source for wound infection based on quantitative bacteriology of the biliary tract","volume":"68","author":"Robson, M.C.; Bogart, J.N.; Heggers, J.P.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Robson MC, Bogart JN, Heggers JP. An endogenous source for wound infection based on quantitative bacteriology of the biliary tract. Surgery 1970;68:471-6.","journal-title":"Surgery"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.35.12.1356","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:45:07Z","timestamp":1765730707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.35.12.1356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,12]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.35.12.1356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.35.12.1356","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-9746"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1472-4146"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,12]]}}}