{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T06:40:49Z","timestamp":1765694449539,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In seven patients with chronic beryllium disease (Be) the Be lymphocyte transformation test was positive in 100%, independent of steroid therapy, and was reproducible. The Be macrophage migration inhibition test was only positive in four of seven patients (57%) not on steroids, and was not reproducible. In 72 potentially exposed healthy beryllium workers the lymphocyte transformation test was negative in all subjects. The macrophage test was positive in four of 78 and again the results were not reproducible. The workers with positive results showed no differences in age, type or duration of employment from those with negative results and showed no evidence of disease. In addition, the macrophage test was positive in two of 45 non-exposed control subjects. We also confirmed the above advantages of the lymphocyte transformation technique by using tuberculin antigen (PPD). The PPD lymphocyte transformation test gave positive results in approximately 60% of healthy beryllium workers, but the PPD macrophage test was only positive in 7%. We conclude that the Be lymphocyte transformation test is the most sensitive and reproducible and advocate its use in the diagnosis of disease and in monitoring the health of potentially exposed workers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.35.6.684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"684-687","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Comparison of lymphocyte transformation and macrophage migration inhibition tests in the detection of beryllium hypersensitivity."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"W R","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W J","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1159\/000231200","article-title":"Comparison of Candida-delayed hypersensitivity skin test size with lymphocyte transformation, migration inhibitory factor and antibody titre","volume":"47","author":"Bice, D.E.; Lopez, M.; Rothschild, H.; Salvaggio, J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Bice DE, Lopez M, Rothschild H, Salvaggio J. Comparison of Candida-delayed hypersensitivity skin test size with lymphocyte transformation, migration inhibitory factor and antibody titre. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1974;47:54-62.","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Beryllium disease-pathology and diagnosis","volume":"27","author":"W, Jones Williams","year":"1977","unstructured":"Jones Williams W. Beryllium disease-pathology and diagnosis. J Soc Occup Med 1977;27:93-6.","journal-title":"J Soc Occup Med"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"175","article-title":"Diagnosis of chronic beryllium disease","volume":"iv:","author":"W, Jones Williams; J, Grey; EM, Pioli","year":"1972","unstructured":"Jones Williams W, Grey J, Pioli EM. Diagnosis of chronic beryllium disease. Br MedJ 1972;iv:175.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep13077177","article-title":"In vitro\" demonstration of delayed hypersensitivity in patients with berylliosis","volume":"58","year":"1972","unstructured":"In vitro\" demonstration of delayed hypersensitivity in patients with berylliosis. J Invest Dermatol 1972;58:5-7.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"590","article-title":"Delayed hypersensitivity to beryllium compounds","volume":"111","author":"Marx, J.J.; Burrell, R.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Marx JJ, Burrell R. Delayed hypersensitivity to beryllium compounds. J Immunol 1973;111:590-8.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"\"24","article-title":"Role of \"in vitro\" tests of hypersensitivity in beryllium workers","volume":"30","author":"Price, C.D.; Jones Williams, W.; Pugh, A.; Joynson, D.H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Price CD, Jones Williams W, Pugh A, Joynson DH. Role of \"in vitro\" tests of hypersensitivity in beryllium workers. J Clin Pathol 1977;30:24-8. 7Williams WR Jones Williams W. Development of beryllium lymphocyte transformation test in chronic beryllium disease. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1982;67:175-80.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol; 7Williams WR Jones Williams W. Development of beryllium lymphocyte transformation test in chronic beryllium disease"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12260036","article-title":"\"In vitro\" studies of granulomatous hypersensitivity to beryllium","volume":"55","author":"Hanifin, J.M.; Epstein, W.L.; Cline, M.J.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hanifin JM, Epstein WL, Cline MJ. \"In vitro\" studies of granulomatous hypersensitivity to beryllium. J Invest Dermatol 1970;55:284-8.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.63.3.309","article-title":"A study of the immunological aspects of chronic berylliosis","volume":"63","author":"Deodhar, S.D.; Barna, B.; van Ordstrand, H.S.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Deodhar SD, Barna B, van Ordstrand HS. A study of the immunological aspects of chronic berylliosis. Chest 1973;63:309-13.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_9","series-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases","first-page":"722","article-title":"Three year prospective study of Mantoux reactions in factory workers exposed to beryllium oxide","author":"Nishikawa, S.; Hirata, T.; Kitaichi, M.; Izumi, I.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Nishikawa S, Hirata T, Kitaichi M, Izumi I. Three year prospective study of Mantoux reactions in factory workers exposed to beryllium oxide. In: Jones Williams W, Davies BH, eds. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases. Cardiff: Alpha & Omega Press, 1980:722-7."},{"key":"ref_10","series-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases","first-page":"711","article-title":"Lymphocyte transformation in beryllium workers","author":"Preuss, O.P.; Deodhar, J.D.; van Ordstrand, H.S.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Preuss OP, Deodhar JD, van Ordstrand HS. Lymphocyte transformation in beryllium workers. In: Jones Williams W, Davies BH, eds. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases. Cardiff: Alpha & Omega Press, 1980:711-4."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"95","article-title":"An \"in vitro\" assay for cellular hypersensitivity in man","volume":"104","author":"Rocklin, R.E.; Meyers, O.L.; David, JR","year":"1970","unstructured":"Rocklin RE, Meyers OL, David JR. An \"in vitro\" assay for cellular hypersensitivity in man. J Immunol 1970;104: 95-102.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"264","article-title":"Delayed hypersensitivity \"in vitro\"","volume":"93","author":"David, JR, Al-Askari; S, Lawrence; HS, Thomas; L.","year":"1964","unstructured":"David JR, Al-Askari S, Lawrence HS, Thomas L. Delayed hypersensitivity \"in vitro\". J Immunol 1964;93:264-73.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1126\/science.377487","article-title":"Human macrophage migration inhibition factor: evidence for subunit structure","volume":"205","author":"Possanza, G.; Cohen, M.C.; Yoshida, T.; Cohen, S.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Possanza G, Cohen MC, Yoshida T, Cohen S. Human macrophage migration inhibition factor: evidence for subunit structure. Science 1979;205:300-1.","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.35.6.684","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T06:39:38Z","timestamp":1765694378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.35.6.684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,6]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.35.6.684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.35.6.684","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-9746"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1472-4146"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,6]]}}}