{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T16:49:54Z","timestamp":1779900594251,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Total and differential white cell counts were studied in 399 women living in the same community in Britain but drawn from four different ethnic groups. The groups were white (northern European), Indian, black (African and West Indian), and Oriental. The total white cell count and absolute neutrophil count were significantly lower in the black group than in each of the other groups. The absolute monocyte count was higher in whites than in each of the other groups. Contrary to earlier reports, the absolute eosinophil count in blacks was no higher than in whites, suggesting that the high eosinophil counts previously found had an environmental rather than a genetic cause. The eosinophil count of Indians was only marginally higher than that of whites and the difference was not significant, again suggesting that high eosinophil counts previously reported had an environmental cause. No ethnic variation was found in the absolute lymphocyte count. The lower white cell count and neutrophil count found in blacks is of considerable practical importance, and blacks should not be assessed in relation to reference ranges derived for whites. Nevertheless, the eosinophil count in healthy blacks is no higher than that of whites and counts above reference ranges for whites should be considered clinically important. The differences between white cell counts of Indians and Orientals and those of whites are minor and for practical purposes they can be assessed in relation to reference ranges derived for whites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.37.2.188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"188-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Normal values for peripheral blood white cell counts in women of four different ethnic origins."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"B","family":"Bain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Seed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Godsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"407","article-title":"Leukopenia in Negro workmen","author":"Forbes, W.H.; Johnson, R.E.; Consolazio, F.","year":"1941","unstructured":"Forbes WH, Johnson RE, Consolazio F. Leukopenia in Negro workmen. Am J Med Sci 1941;201:407-12.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196612222752504","article-title":"Leukopenia in Negroes","volume":"275","author":"Broun, G.O.; Herbig, F.K.; Hamilton, JR","year":"1966","unstructured":"Broun GO, Herbig FK, Hamilton JR. Leukopenia in Negroes. N Engi J Med 1966;275:1410-3.","journal-title":"N Engi J Med"},{"issue":"39","key":"ref_3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Haematological observations on an East African student population","volume":"1961","author":"Shaper, A.G.; Kyobe, J.; Stansfield, D.","unstructured":"Shaper AG, Kyobe J, Stansfield D. Haematological observations on an East African student population. East Afr Med J 1961;39: 1-4.","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)90086-4","article-title":"Leucopenia in West Indians and Africans","volume":"ii:","author":"Rippey, J.J.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Rippey JJ. Leucopenia in West Indians and Africans. Lancet 1967;ii:44.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"40","key":"ref_5","article-title":"Leucocyte counts and ESR in Africa. An interracial study and review of the literature","volume":"1966","author":"Wasserman, H.P.","unstructured":"Wasserman HP. Leucocyte counts and ESR in Africa. An interracial study and review of the literature. S Afr Med J 1966; 40: suppl 21.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Familial leukopenia among Yemenite Jews","volume":"14","author":"Shoenfeld, Y.; Weinberger, A.; Avishar, R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Shoenfeld Y, Weinberger A, Avishar R, et al. Familial leukopenia among Yemenite Jews. Isr J Med Sci 1978;14: 1271-4.","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"635","article-title":"Haematological differences in three population groups","volume":"55","author":"Brain, B.; Buckle, G.C.; Jamieson, M.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Brain B, Buckle GC, Jamieson M. Haematological differences in three population groups. S Afr Med J 1979;55:635-6.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.35.1.69","article-title":"A pilot study of the reference values for the commoner haematological and biochemical parameters in Saudi nationals","volume":"35","author":"Scott, T.G.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Scott TG. A pilot study of the reference values for the commoner haematological and biochemical parameters in Saudi nationals. J Clin Pathol 1982;35:69-73.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"184","article-title":"A comparison of haematological indices between women of four ethnic groups and the effect or oral contraceptives","volume":"36","author":"Godsland, I.F.; Seed, M.; Simpson, R.; Broom, G.; Wynn, V.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Godsland IF, Seed M, Simpson R, Broom G, Wynn V. A comparison of haematological indices between women of four ethnic groups and the effect or oral contraceptives. J Clin Pathol 1982;36:184-91.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)90636-2","article-title":"Neutropenia in people of African origin","volume":"ii:","author":"Howeils, D.P.M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Howeils DPM. Neutropenia in people of African origin. Lancet 1971;ii: 1318-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92409-9","article-title":"Non-genetic neutropenia in Africans","volume":"ii:","author":"Ezeilo, G.C.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ezeilo GC. Non-genetic neutropenia in Africans. Lancet 1972;ii: 1003-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"90","article-title":"Haematological norms in Zambians with special reference to chemotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Shija, A.K.; Wosorne, L.; Kasobe, L.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Shija AK, Wosorne L, Kasobe L. Haematological norms in Zambians with special reference to chemotherapy. Med J Zambia 1978;12:90-2.","journal-title":"Med J Zambia"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/53.5.647","article-title":"Normal blood leukocyte concentration values","volume":"53","author":"Orfanakis, N.G.; Ostlund, R.E.; Bishop, C.R.; Athens, J.W.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Orfanakis NG, Ostlund RE, Bishop CR, Athens JW. Normal blood leukocyte concentration values. Am J Clin Pathol 1970;53:647-51.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92893-0","article-title":"Pseudo-neutropenia in American Negroes","volume":"i:","author":"Karayalcin, G.; Rosner, F.; Sawitsky, A.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Karayalcin G, Rosner F, Sawitsky A. Pseudo-neutropenia in American Negroes. Lancet 1972;i:387.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)90335-7","article-title":"Genetic neutropenia in people of African origin","volume":"ii:","author":"Shaper, A.G.; Lewis, P.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Shaper AG, Lewis P. Genetic neutropenia in people of African origin. Lancet 1971;ii:1021-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1976.tb00966.x","article-title":"Total and differential leucocyte count","volume":"33","author":"England, J.M.; Annotation, Bain B.J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"England JM, Bain BJ. Annotation. Total and differential leucocyte count. Br J Haematol 1976;33: 1-7","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"46","key":"ref_17","first-page":"676","article-title":"Leucocyte counts on blood donors in Nairobi","volume":"1969","author":"Kasili, E.G.; Cardwell, C.L.; Taylor, JR","unstructured":"Kasili EG, Cardwell CL, Taylor JR. Leucocyte counts on blood donors in Nairobi. East Afr Med J 1969;46:676-9.","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"issue":"46","key":"ref_18","first-page":"680","article-title":"Leucocyte levels in East Africa","volume":"1969","author":"Hawgood, B.C.","unstructured":"Hawgood BC. Leucocyte levels in East Africa. East Afr Med J 1969;46:680-2.","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1159\/000207999","article-title":"Relationship between the concentration of neutrophils and monocytes in venous blood","volume":"55","author":"Bain, B.J.; Wickramasinghe, N.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bain BJ, Wickramasinghe N. Relationship between the concentration of neutrophils and monocytes in venous blood. Acta Haematol 1976;55:89-94.","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"305","article-title":"Haematological studies in Indians","volume":"23","author":"Napier, L.E.; Das Gupta, C.R.","year":"1935","unstructured":"Napier LE, Das Gupta CR. Haematological studies in Indians. Indian J Med Res 1935;23:305-9.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"2","article-title":"Haematological studies on healthy adult men in Coonoor and Outacamund","volume":"38","author":"Ranalingaswami, V.; Venkatachalam, P.S.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Ranalingaswami V, Venkatachalam PS. Haematological studies on healthy adult men in Coonoor and Outacamund. Indian J Med Res 1950;38:2-28.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"277","article-title":"The control of fertility","author":"Pincus, G.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Pincus G. The control of fertility. New York: Academic Press, 1965:277."},{"key":"ref_23","article-title":"The inhibitory effect of anticoncipients on leukocytes in the case of healthy women in their fertile age","volume-title":"19th Congress of the International Society of Haematology","author":"Toth, E.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Toth E. The inhibitory effect of anticoncipients on leukocytes in the case of healthy women in their fertile age. 19th Congress of the International Society of Haematology, Budapest: 1982."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5953.306","article-title":"Normal haematological values: sex difference in neutrophil count","volume":"i:","author":"Bain, B.J.; England, J.M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bain BJ, England JM. Normal haematological values: sex difference in neutrophil count. Br Med J 1975;i:306-9.","journal-title":"Br Med J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.37.2.188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:10:02Z","timestamp":1758816602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.37.2.188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,2]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.37.2.188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.37.2.188","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,2]]}}}