{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:47:49Z","timestamp":1787680069224,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Forty five (37%) of 121 female contacts of men with non-gonococcal urethritis or gonorrhoea were chlamydia positive, as judged by isolation or by detecting elementary bodies in smears with a fluorescein labelled chlamydial monoclonal antibody. Only six (13%) of these, however, had Papanicolaou stained smears in which there were inclusion like changes suggestive of chlamydial infection. Furthermore, of 15 patients who had such cytological changes, chlamydiae were detected in only six and the abnormalities were found also in Papanicolaou stained smears from 10 (13%) of the 76 chlamydia negative patients. Modifying the Papanicolaou stained smears by including endocervical material did not increase sensitivity. In addition, destaining and restaining them with the monoclonal antibody was time consuming and the results were unreliable. The staining of cervical smears with Papanicolaou reagent is a technique of low sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing or screening for chlamydial cervical infection and cannot be recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.38.4.399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"399-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Investigation into the value of Papanicolaou stained cervical smears for the diagnosis of chlamydial cervical infection."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"G E","family":"Forster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Cookey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P E","family":"Munday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P I","family":"Richman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B J","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D A","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R T","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Taylor-Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Cytological changes in PAP smears suggestive of infection by C trachomatis have been reported,34 but Munday PE. Chlamydiai infections in women","volume-title":"in obstetrics and gynaecology, Vol 3, London: Churverification by culture was rarely, sought. In those studies in which culture for chlamydiae has been incorporated, however, the possibility that false negative culture results could have arisen has been an issue. In this study the chlamydial monoclonal antibody was used to support the culture tests. Of 45 patients who were chlamydia positive by chlamydial culture or monoclonal antibody staining smear tests","author":"JProgress, Studd","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cytological changes in PAP smears suggestive of infection by C trachomatis have been reported,34 but Munday PE. Chlamydiai infections in women. In: Studd J, ed. Progress in obstetrics and gynaecology, Vol 3, London: Churverification by culture was rarely, sought. In those studies in which culture for chlamydiae has been incorporated, however, the possibility that false negative culture results could have arisen has been an issue. In this study the chlamydial monoclonal antibody was used to support the culture tests. Of 45 patients who were chlamydia positive by chlamydial culture or monoclonal antibody staining smear tests, chill Livingstone, 1983:231-45."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198110000-00007","article-title":"Sampling specimen handling, and isolation techniques in the diagnosis of chlamydial and other genital infections","volume":"8","author":"Mirdh, P.-A.; Westrom, L.; Colleen, S.; W0lner-Hanssen, P.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Mirdh P-A, Westrom L, Colleen S, W0lner-Hanssen P. Sampling specimen handling, and isolation techniques in the diagnosis of chlamydial and other genital infections. Sex Transm Dis 1981;8:280-5.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"390","article-title":"Cytology of TRIC agent infection of the eye of newborn infants and their mothers genital tracts","volume":"14","author":"Naib, Z.M.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Naib ZM. Cytology of TRIC agent infection of the eye of newborn infants and their mothers genital tracts. Acta Cytol 1970; 14: 390-5.","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"315","article-title":"Cytologic investigations in chlamydia infection. Acta Cytol or both, only six (13%) had inclusions in PAP smears which were suggestive of chlamydial infection. This indicated the low sensitivity of the latter","volume":"23","author":"Gupta, P.K.; Lee, E.F.; Erozan, Y.S.; Frost, J.K.; Geddes, S.T.; Donovan, P.A.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Gupta PK, Lee EF, Erozan YS, Frost JK, Geddes ST, Donovan PA. Cytologic investigations in chlamydia infection. Acta Cytol or both, only six (13%) had inclusions in PAP smears which were suggestive of chlamydial infection. This indicated the low sensitivity of the latter 1979;23:315-20."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"174","article-title":"Cytologic findings in cervical chlamydial infection","volume":"58","author":"Paavonen, J.; Purola, E.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Paavonen J, Purola E. Cytologic findings in cervical chlamydial infection. Med Biol 1980;58: 174-8.","journal-title":"Med Biol"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"55","article-title":"Ten chlamydia negative patients had PAP smears which were reported to contain inclusions consistent with chlamydial infection: the inclusions\" were probably aggregates of bacteria, cell debris, or other artefacts. The diagnosis of chlamydial infection using fluorescein labelled monoclonal antibody to stain smears is based on the detection of extracelluchlamydial cervicitis","volume":"32","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ten chlamydia negative patients had PAP smears which were reported to contain inclusions consistent with chlamydial infection: the inclusions\" were probably aggregates of bacteria, cell debris, or other artefacts. The diagnosis of chlamydial infection using fluorescein labelled monoclonal antibody to stain smears is based on the detection of extracelluchlamydial cervicitis. Scand J Infect Dis (suppl) 1982;32:55-8.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis (suppl)"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/79.4.421","article-title":"Detection of chlamydial cervicitis by Papanicolaou stained smears and culture","volume":"79","author":"Dorman, S.A.; Danos, L.M.; Wilson, D.J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Dorman SA, Danos LM, Wilson DJ, et al. Detection of chlamydial cervicitis by Papanicolaou stained smears and culture. Am J Clin Pathol 1983;79:421-5.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/80.6.844","article-title":"How sensitive is the Papanicolaou smear in the diagnosis of infections with Chlamydia trachomatis?","volume":"80","author":"Giampaolo, C.; Murphy, J.; Benes, S.; McCormack, W.M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Giampaolo C, Murphy J, Benes S, McCormack WM. How sensitive is the Papanicolaou smear in the diagnosis of infections with Chlamydia trachomatis? Am J Clin Pathol 1983;80:844-9.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"471","article-title":"unpublished observations)","volume":"28","author":"Thomas, B.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Thomas BJ, unpublished observations), so that it is 1984;28:471-6."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"578","article-title":"Cytological diagnosis of chlamydial infection of female genital tract","volume":"ii:","author":"Forster, G.; Jha, R.; Cheetham, D.; Munday, P.; Coleman, D.; Taylor-Robinson, D.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Forster G, Jha R, Cheetham D, Munday P, Coleman D, Taylor-Robinson D. Cytological diagnosis of chlamydial infection of female genital tract. Lancet 1983;ii:578-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"812","article-title":"Since chlamydiae infect endocervical or metaplastic cells, the standard technique for PAP smears was modified to include endocervical material. This, however, did not improve the sensitivity of the test. Furthermore, modifying the PAP smear procedure by destaining and then restaining with the fluoressensitivity of detecting Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies in smears by use of a fluorescein-labelled monoclonal antibody compared to that of conventional chlamydial isolation","volume":"37","year":"1984","unstructured":"Since chlamydiae infect endocervical or metaplastic cells, the standard technique for PAP smears was modified to include endocervical material. This, however, did not improve the sensitivity of the test. Furthermore, modifying the PAP smear procedure by destaining and then restaining with the fluoressensitivity of detecting Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies in smears by use of a fluorescein-labelled monoclonal antibody compared to that of conventional chlamydial isolation. J Clin Pathol 1984; 37:812-6.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.6.3.285-292.1977","article-title":"Early detection of chlamydial inclusions combining the use of cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells and immunofluorescence staining","volume":"6","author":"Thomas, B.J.; Evans, R.T.; Hutchinson, G.R.; Taylor-Robinson, D.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Thomas BJ, Evans RT, Hutchinson GR, Taylor-Robinson D. Early detection of chlamydial inclusions combining the use of cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells and immunofluorescence staining. J Clin Microbiol 1977;6: 285-92.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92399-1","article-title":"Cytological diagnosis of chlamydial infection of female genital tract","volume":"i:","author":"Medley, G.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Medley G. Cytological diagnosis of chlamydial infection of female genital tract. Lancet 1983;i: 1449.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198405033101803","article-title":"Cultureindependent diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis using monoclonal antibodies","volume":"310","author":"Tam, M.R.; Stamm, W.E.; Handsfield, H.H.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tam MR, Stamm WE, Handsfield HH, et al. Cultureindependent diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis using monoclonal antibodies. N Engl J Med 1984;310: 1146-50.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.38.4.399","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:39:47Z","timestamp":1763743187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.38.4.399"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,4]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.38.4.399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.38.4.399","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,4]]}}}