{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T07:18:15Z","timestamp":1769239095803,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The relation between chronic respiratory disease and infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in premature infants was investigated to ascertain the aetiological importance of intrauterine C trachomatis infection and chronic respiratory disease in premature infants. Serum IgM antibodies against C trachomatis were determined by enzyme linked fluorescence assay. Sections of lung tissues obtained by biopsy and at necropsy were also tested for the presence of antigens using fluorescein conjugated monoclonal antibodies to C trachomatis. Of 16 sera from premature infants with chronic respiratory diseases clinically diagnosed as bronchopulmonary dysplasia or the Wilson-Mikity syndrome, five had IgM antibodies to C trachomatis L2 strain by enzyme linked fluorescence assay (titre greater than or equal to 1\/500). Of 37 sera from premature infants with extremely low birth weights, two had IgM antibodies to C trachomatis. No specific IgM antibody was detected in 31 neonates who showed raised serum IgM concentrations but who did not have respiratory tract symptoms. C trachomatis was identified from two specimens of lung tissue obtained at necropsy from premature infants with chronic respiratory disease positive for IgM antibody. These findings indicate the aetiological importance of intrauterine C trachomatis infection in chronic respiratory disease in premature infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.39.1.84","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"84-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Chronic respiratory disease in premature infants caused by Chlamydia trachomatis."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Numazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Kogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Umetsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Motoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80077-3","article-title":"Chlamydial infection of mothers and their infants","volume":"95","author":"Frommell, G.T.; Rothenberg, R.; Wang, S.-P.; McIntosh, K.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Frommell GT, Rothenberg R, Wang S-P, McIntosh K. Chlamydial infection of mothers and their infants. J Pediair 1979;95:28-32.","journal-title":"J Pediair"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1981.02130300007005","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis infection in mothers and infants","volume":"135","author":"Heggie, A.D.; Lumicao, G.G.; Stuart, L.A.; Gyves, M.T.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Heggie AD, Lumicao GG, Stuart LA, Gyves MT. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in mothers and infants. Am J Dis Child 1981;135:507-1 1.","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/5.4.713","article-title":"Role of Chlamydia trachomatis in perinatal infection","volume":"5","author":"Alexander, E.R.; Harrison, H.R.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Alexander ER, Harrison HR. Role of Chlamydia trachomatis in perinatal infection. Rev Infect Dis 1983;5:713-9.","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(75)80309-X","article-title":"Pneumonitis following inclusion blennorrhea","volume":"87","author":"Schachter, J.; Lum, L.; Gooding, C.A.; Ostler, B.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Schachter J, Lum L, Gooding CA, Ostler B. Pneumonitis following inclusion blennorrhea. J Pediatr 1975;87:779-80.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"\"65","article-title":"Serologic evidence of chlamydial infection in children","volume":"98","author":"Black, S.B.; Grossman, M.; Cles, L.; Schachter, J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Black SB, Grossman M, Cles L, Schachter J. Serologic evidence of chlamydial infection in children. J Pediatr 1981;98:65-7. 'San Joaquin VH, Retting PJ, Newton JY, Marks MI. Prevalence of chlamydial antibodies in children. Am J Dis Child 1982; 136:425-7.","journal-title":"J Pediatr; San Joaquin VH, Retting PJ, Newton JY, Marks MI. Prevalence of chlamydial antibodies in children"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"105","article-title":"Prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in Japanese persons determined by microimmunofluorescence using reticulate bodies as single antigen. Pediatr Infect Dis","volume":"3","author":"Numazaki, K.; Chiba, S.; Nakata, S.; Yamanaka, T.; Nakao, T.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Numazaki K, Chiba S, Nakata S, Yamanaka T, Nakao T. Prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in Japanese persons determined by microimmunofluorescence using reticulate bodies as single antigen. Pediatr Infect Dis 1984;3:105-9."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198201000-00008","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis and chronic respiratory diseases in childhood","volume":"1","author":"Harrison, H.R.; Taussig, L.M.; Fulginiti, V.A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Harrison HR, Taussig LM, Fulginiti VA. Chlamydia trachomatis and chronic respiratory diseases in childhood. Pediatr Infect Dis 1982;1:29-33.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.38.7.733","article-title":"Detection of IgM antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis by enzyme linked fluorescence immunoassay","volume":"38","author":"Numazaki, K.; Chiba, S.; Yamanaka, T.; Moroboshi, T.; Aoki, K.; Nakao, T.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Numazaki K, Chiba S, Yamanaka T, Moroboshi T, Aoki K, Nakao T. Detection of IgM antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis by enzyme linked fluorescence immunoassay. J Clin Pathol 1985;38:733-9.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.38.3.345","article-title":"Comparison of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme linked fluorescence immunoassay for detection of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"38","author":"Numazaki, K.; Chiba, S.; Moroboshi, T.; Kudoh, T.; Yamanaka, T.; Nakao, T.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Numazaki K, Chiba S, Moroboshi T, Kudoh T, Yamanaka T, Nakao T. Comparison of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme linked fluorescence immunoassay for detection of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis. J Clin Pathol 1985;38:345-50.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis: antibody specificities and antigen characterization","volume":"128","author":"Stephens, R.S.; Tam, M.R.; Kuo, C.-C.; Nowinski, R.C.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Stephens RS, Tam MR, Kuo C-C, Nowinski RC. Monoclonal antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis: antibody specificities and antigen characterization. J Immunol 1982;128:1083-9.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.145.57","article-title":"An application of fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies to the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in children","volume":"145","author":"Numazaki, K.; Chiba, S.; Moroboshi, T.; Tachi, N.; Aoki, K.; Nakao, T.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Numazaki K, Chiba S, Moroboshi T, Tachi N, Aoki K, Nakao T. An application of fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies to the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in children. Tohoku J Exp Med 1985;145:57-63.","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"224","article-title":"Direct fluorescent monoclonal antibody stain for rapid detection of infant Chlamydia trachomatis infections","volume":"74","author":"Bell, T.A.; Kuo, C.-C.; Stamm, W.E.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bell TA, Kuo C-C, Stamm WE, et al. Direct fluorescent monoclonal antibody stain for rapid detection of infant Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Pediatrics 1984;74:224-8.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80441-2","article-title":"Observations on bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"95","author":"Northway, W.H.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Northway WH. Observations on bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr 1979;95:815-7.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197802232980805","article-title":"Chlamydial infections","volume":"298","author":"Schachter, J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Schachter J. Chlamydial infections. N Engl J Med 1979;298: 428-35, 490-5, and 540-9.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"420","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis infection in infants delivered by cesarean section","volume":"68","author":"Givner, L.B.; Rennels, M.B.; Woodward, C.L.; Huang, S.-W.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Givner LB, Rennels MB, Woodward CL, Huang S-W. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in infants delivered by cesarean section. Pediatrics 1981;68:420-1.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"\"569","article-title":"Intrauterine lung infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in premature infant","volume":"73","author":"Mardh, P.-A.; Johansson, P.J.H.; Svenningsen, N.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mardh P-A, Johansson PJH, Svenningsen N. Intrauterine lung infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in premature infant. Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:569-72. S9chachter J, Grossman M, Azimi PH. Serology of Chlamydia trachomatis in infants. J Infect Dis 1982;146:530-5.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand; Serology of Chlamydia trachomatis in infants"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.10.5.647-649.1979","article-title":"Failure of serology in diagnosing chlamydial infections of the female genital tract","volume":"10","author":"Schachter, J.; Cles, L.; Ray, R.; Hines, P.A.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Schachter J, Cles L, Ray R, Hines PA. Failure of serology in diagnosing chlamydial infections of the female genital tract. J Clin Microbiol 1979;10:647-9.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.39.1.84","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T04:59:29Z","timestamp":1764997169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.39.1.84"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.39.1.84"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.39.1.84","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,1]]}}}