{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:10:21Z","timestamp":1758845421187,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Agar dilution breakpoint susceptibility testing using GC, DST, and proteose agars, was performed on consecutive clinical isolates of non-penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae to examine the feasibility of using such a system in a diagnostic laboratory. The incidence and level of resistance to penicillin and spectinomycin was also assessed. On DST medium 93 of 200 (46.5%) of isolates were of intermediate resistance to penicillin (MIC 0.12-0.5 mg\/l) and 21 of 200 (10.5%) were resistant to penicillin (MIC greater than or equal to 1.0 mg\/l). Ninety two of 200 (46%) of isolates had an MIC to spectinomycin of 32 mg\/l on DST agar. Isolates seemed to be more resistant when tested on the two other media. The methods used in this study could be applied in a routine diagnostic laboratory for immediate clinical benefit and long term epidemiological studies. To enable direct comparisons to be made between populations at different centres, however, methods for gonococcal susceptibility testing need to be standardised.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.41.9.978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"978-982","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin and spectinomycin in a diagnostic laboratory."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"M J","family":"Gill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C A","family":"Ison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Effect of penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline on Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in 1944 and 1957","volume":"34","author":"Reyn, A.; Korner, B.; Bentzon, M.W.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Reyn A, Korner B, Bentzon MW. Effect of penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline on Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in 1944 and 1957. British Journal of Venereal Disease 1958;34: 227-39.","journal-title":"British Journal of Venereal Disease"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"202","article-title":"Penicillin resistant gonococci","volume":"ii:","author":"Dowsett, E.G.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Dowsett EG. Penicillin resistant gonococci. Lancet 1980;ii:202.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198509053131004","volume":"313","author":"chromosomally-mediated resistance","year":"1985","unstructured":"(chromosomally-mediated resistance). 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Lancet 1981;ii:1035-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.284.6329.1604","article-title":"Emergence of resistance after spectinomycin treatment for gonorrhoea due to beta-lactamase producing strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"284","author":"Easmon, C.S.F.; Ison, C.A.; Bellinger, C.M.; Harris, J.W.R.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Easmon CSF, Ison CA, Bellinger CM, Harris JWR. Emergence of resistance after spectinomycin treatment for gonorrhoea due to beta-lactamase producing strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Br MedJ 1982;284:1604-5.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"819","article-title":"Frequency and distribution in the United States of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with plasmid mediated high level resistance to tetracycline","volume":"1","author":"Knapp, J.S.; Zenilman, J.M.; Biddle, J.W.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Knapp JS, Zenilman JM, Biddle JW, et al. Frequency and distribution in the United States of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with plasmid mediated high level resistance to tetracycline. JInfect Dis 1987;1SS:819-22.","journal-title":"JInfect Dis"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.41.1.97","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a trial organised as part of the United Kingdom national external quality assessment scheme for microbiology","volume":"41","author":"Snell, J.J.S.; Brown, D.F.J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Snell JJS, Brown DFJ. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a trial organised as part of the United Kingdom national external quality assessment scheme for microbiology. J Clin Pathol 1988;41:97-102.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.22.4.598","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility and cross-resistance of South African isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to 14 antimicrobial agents","volume":"22","author":"Liebowitz, L.D.; Ballard, R.C.; Koornhof, H.J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Liebowitz LD, Ballard RC, Koornhof HJ. In vitro susceptibility and cross-resistance of South African isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to 14 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1982;22:598-603.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"\"44","article-title":"Sandstrom EG. 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Report of an International Collaborative Study. Acta Pathol Microbiol B 1971;S217:3-90.","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol B"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"235","article-title":"Comparative investigation of the sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae to penicillin","volume":"57","author":"Reyn, A.; Bentzon, M.W.; Ericsson, H.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Reyn A, Bentzon MW, Ericsson H. Comparative investigation of the sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae to penicillin. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1963;57:235-55.","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.31.11.1744","article-title":"Effects ofdifferent media and methods of inoculum preparation on results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"31","author":"Dillon, JR, Tostowaryk; W, Pauze; M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dillon JR, Tostowaryk W, Pauze M. Effects ofdifferent media and methods of inoculum preparation on results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1744-9.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"The effect of media on the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae","author":"Woodford, N.; Iso, C.A.","unstructured":"Woodford N, Iso CA. The effect of media on the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Antimicrob Chemother (in press).","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"164","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control. Antibiotic-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. MMWR 1987; 36 (suppl No SS): 1S-18S. 17 Rice RJ, Hook III EW, Holmes KK, Knapp JS. Evaluation of sampling methods for surveillance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain populations","author":"Poolman, J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. 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Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1988:164-74."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.41.9.978","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T08:29:50Z","timestamp":1758788990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.41.9.978"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,9]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.41.9.978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.41.9.978","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-9746"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1472-4146"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,9]]}}}