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Well differentiated microglia were present in all cases examined after 35 weeks' gestation and less well ramified forms were seen at earlier stages of gestation. HLA-DR antigens were detected on a small number of macrophages, chiefly in a perivascular location, in all but three cases. The fewest reactive cells and the weakest reactions occurred in the youngest fetuses. One case of SIDS showed increased foci of microglia in perivascular white matter: this case and one other case of SIDS were the only cases with well ramified microglia that expressed HLA-DR antigens. These findings may be relevant to an understanding of local immune responses in fetal brain infections, including human immunodeficiency virus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.44.2.102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"102-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Macrophages, microglial cells, and HLA-DR antigens in fetal and infant brain."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"M M","family":"Esiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M S","family":"al Izzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M C","family":"Reading","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4354","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.12.4354","article-title":"Separate ontogeny of two macrophage-like accessory cell populations in the human foetus","volume":"136","author":"Janossy, G.; Bofill, M.; Poulter, L.W.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Janossy G, Bofill M, Poulter LW, et al. 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