{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:35:36Z","timestamp":1787164536257,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The clinical course and serology of 16 cases of leptospirosis in an area with an unusually high endemic infection rate were studied to gain further insight into the pathology of the secondary immune phase that is typical of the disease. IgG anticardiolipin antibody concentrations were measured by immunoassay and found to be increased in eight serologically confirmed cases with severe complicated disease, compared with eight patients with relatively uncomplicated leptospirosis who had IgG anticardiolipin concentrations within the control reference range. This previously unreported association suggests that leptospira may induce vascular endothelial injury in severe cases and expose crypt antigens or induce conformational change of cell surface phospholipids. Leptospirosis may provide a model for an infective origin of some cases of the antiphospholipid syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.44.6.517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"517-519","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Anticardiolipin antibodies in leptospirosis."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"F P","family":"Rugman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Pinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M F","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Waite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C R","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310818","article-title":"Anticardiolipin antibodies in Lyme disease","volume":"31","author":"Mackworth-Young, C.G.; Harris, E.N.; Steere, A.C.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mackworth-Young CG, Harris EN, Steere AC. Anticardiolipin antibodies in Lyme disease. Arthritis Rheum 1988;31:1052.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"2291","volume":"55","author":"Leptospirosis, Sitprija V.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sitprija V. Leptospirosis. Med Int 1988;55:2291-3.","journal-title":"Med Int"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.42.4.439","article-title":"Is thrombocytopaenia in patients with leptospirosis immunologically mediated?","volume":"42","author":"Davenport, A.; Rugman, F.P.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Davenport A, Rugman FP. Is thrombocytopaenia in patients with leptospirosis immunologically mediated? J Clin Pathol 1989;42:439-40.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1645039","article-title":"Crossreactivity of antibodies directed against cardiolipin, DNA, endothelial cells and blood platelets","volume":"63","author":"Hasselaar, P.; Derksen, R.H.W.M.; Blokzijl, I.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hasselaar P, Derksen RHWM, Blokzijl I. Crossreactivity of antibodies directed against cardiolipin, DNA, endothelial cells and blood platelets. Thromb Haemostas 1990;63: 169-73.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemostas"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91697-9","article-title":"Anticardiolipin cofactor and differential diagnosis of autoimrnune disease","volume":"ii:","author":"Matsuura, E.; Igarashi, Y.; Fujimoto, M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Matsuura E, Igarashi Y, Fujimoto M. Anticardiolipin cofactor and differential diagnosis of autoimrnune disease. Lancet 1990;ii:177-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1651023","article-title":"Distinguishing plasma lupus anticoagulants from anti-factor antibodies using hexagonal (II) phase phospholipids","volume":"62","author":"Rauch, J.; Tannenbaum, M.; Janoff, A.S.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rauch J, Tannenbaum M, Janoff AS. Distinguishing plasma lupus anticoagulants from anti-factor antibodies using hexagonal (II) phase phospholipids. Thromb Haemostas 1989;62:892-6.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemostas"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"\"362","article-title":"Primary antiphospholipid syndrome: features of patients with raised anticardiolipin antibodies and no other disorder","volume":"48","author":"Mackworth-Young, C.G.; Loizou, S.; Walport, M.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mackworth-Young CG, Loizou S, Walport MJ. Primary antiphospholipid syndrome: features of patients with raised anticardiolipin antibodies and no other disorder. Ann Rheum Dis 1989;48:362-7. J Clin Pathol 1991;44:519-520","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.44.6.517","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T11:01:52Z","timestamp":1758798112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.44.6.517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.44.6.517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.44.6.517","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]}}}