{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:27:41Z","timestamp":1791300461740,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>AIMS--To determine whether aortic adventitial chronic inflammation associated with advanced atherosclerosis (\"chronic periaortitis\") is associated with any detectable cytokine gene expression. METHODS--RNA was extracted from six fresh surgical specimens of atherosclertic aortic aneurysm wall showing a spectrum of chronic periaortitis. Controls included four normal aortas and an HUT 78 T cell line. Reverse transcriptase and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to amplify mRNA for interleukins-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), -2 (IL-2), -4 (IL-4), IL-2 receptor-alpha (IL-2R-alpha), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) with beta-actin as an internal control. RESULTS--No TNF-alpha mRNA was detected in any of the inflamed aortic tissue samples, in contrast to the aortic T lymphocytes propagated in culture in IL-2 conditioned medium (aortic cultured T cells) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these patients. In contrast, IFN-gamma, IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-2 receptor and IL-4 PCR products were detected for each inflamed aortic tissue RNA sample with IFN-gamma mRNA expression increasing with increasing degrees of adventitial inflammation. Only beta-actin mRNA was present in the normal aorta. CONCLUSIONS--These findings indicate the active nature of aortic adventitial chronic inflammation associated with human advanced atherosclerosis (\"chronic periaortitis\") and show its possible progressive potential to the clinically important diseases termed \"idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis\" and \"inflammatory aneurysm\".<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.47.8.721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"721-727","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Cytokine gene expression in aortic adventitial inflammation associated with advanced atherosclerosis (chronic periaortitis)."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"A L","family":"Ramshaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D E","family":"Roskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D V","family":"Parums","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1984.tb02371.x","article-title":"Chronic periaortitis and periarteritis","volume":"8","author":"Mitchinson, M.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mitchinson MJ. Chronic periaortitis and periarteritis. Histopathology 1984;8:589-600.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"383","article-title":"Serum antibodies to oxidized LDL and ceroid in chronic periaortitis","volume":"114","author":"Parums, D.V.; Brown, D.L.; Mitchinson, M.J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Parums DV, Brown DL, Mitchinson MJ. Serum antibodies to oxidized LDL and ceroid in chronic periaortitis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1990;114:383-7.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1990.tb00794.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical characterization of inflammatory cells associated with advanced atherosclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Ramshaw, A.L.; Parums, D.V.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ramshaw AL, Parums DV. Immunohistochemical characterization of inflammatory cells associated with advanced atherosclerosis. Histopathology 1990;17:543-52.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"61","article-title":"Inflammatory cells in chronic periaortitis are activated and proliferating","volume":"61","author":"Ramshaw, A.L.; Parums, D.V.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ramshaw AL, Parums DV. Inflammatory cells in chronic periaortitis are activated and proliferating. J Pathol 1991; 61:61A.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.113.5.981","article-title":"Cytokines in context","volume":"11","author":"Nathan, C.; Sporn, M.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nathan C, Sporn M. Cytokines in context. J Cell Biol 1991;11:981-6.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115411","article-title":"Monocyte chemoattractant protein-I in human atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"88","author":"Nelken, N.A.; Coughlin, SR, Gordon; D, Wilcox; J.N.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nelken NA, Coughlin SR, Gordon D, Wilcox JN. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-I in human atherosclerotic plaques.Y Clin Invest 1991;88: 1121-7.","journal-title":"Y Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2343305","article-title":"Localization of PDGF-B protein in macrophages","volume":"248","author":"Ross, R.; Masuda, J.; Raines, E.W.; Gown, A.M.; Katsuda, S.; Sahara, M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ross R, Masuda J, Raines EW, Gown AM, Katsuda S, Sahara M, et al. Localization of PDGF-B protein in macrophages in all stages of atherogenesis. Science 1990; 248:1009-12.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1292","article-title":"Cytokines and growth factors in atherogenesis","volume":"116","author":"Clinton, S.K.; Libby, P.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Clinton SK, Libby P. Cytokines and growth factors in atherogenesis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1992;116:1292-300.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3041594","article-title":"Wound macrophages express TGF-a and other growth factors in vivo: analysis by mRNA phenotyping","volume":"241","author":"Rappolee, D.A.; Mark, D.; Banda, M.J.; Werb, Z.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rappolee DA, Mark D, Banda MJ, Werb Z. Wound macrophages express TGF-a and other growth factors in vivo: analysis by mRNA phenotyping. Science 1988;241: 708-12.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3603027","article-title":"The molecular basis of the sparse","volume":"237","author":"Veres, G.; Gibbs, R.A.; Scherer, S.E.; Caskey, C.T.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Veres G, Gibbs RA, Scherer SE, Caskey CT. The molecular basis of the sparse fur mouse mutation. Science 1987;237:415-7.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/32.2.6198355","article-title":"Immunoenzymatic labeling of monoclonal antibodies usinig mmune complexes of alkaline phosphatase and monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP complexes)","volume":"32","author":"Cordell, J.L.; Falini, B.; Erber, W.N.; Ghosh, A.K.; Abdulaziz, Z.; MacDonaldS, etal","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cordell JL, Falini B, Erber WN, Ghosh AK, Abdulaziz Z, MacDonaldS, etal. Immunoenzymatic labeling of monoclonal antibodies usinig mmune complexes of alkaline phosphatase and monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP complexes). J Histochem Cytochem 1984;32:219-29.","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1042","article-title":"Immunocytochemical detection of T and B cell populations in routine blood smears","volume":"i:","author":"Erber, W.N.; Pinching, A.J.; Mason, D.Y.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Erber WN, Pinching AJ, Mason DY. Immunocytochemical detection of T and B cell populations in routine blood smears. Lancet 1984;i:1042-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-2261(82)80005-2","article-title":"The normal and malignant germinal centre","volume":"11","author":"Stein, H.; Gerdes, J.; Mason, D.Y.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Stein H, Gerdes J, Mason DY. The normal and malignant germinal centre. Clin Haematol 1982;11:531-59.","journal-title":"Clin Haematol"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.41.5.510","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody EBMIl 1: high cellular specificity for human macrophages","volume":"41","author":"Kelly, P.M.A.; Bliss, E.; Morton, J.A.; Burns, J.; McGee, J.O.'D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kelly PMA, Bliss E, Morton JA, Burns J, JO'D McGee. Monoclonal antibody EBMIl 1: high cellular specificity for human macrophages. Clin Pathol 1988;41:510-5.","journal-title":"Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"156","article-title":"Single step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium triocyanate-phenolchloroform extraction","volume":"162","author":"Chomezynski, P.; Sacchi, N.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Chomezynski P, Sacchi N. Single step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium triocyanate-phenolchloroform extraction. Analyt Biochem 1987;162:156-9.","journal-title":"Analyt Biochem"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.3.5.787","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of full length cDNA clones for human a-, fiand y-actin mRNAs: skeletal but not cytoplasmic actins have an amino-terminal cysteine that is subsequently removed","volume":"3","author":"Gunning, P.; Ponte, P.; Okayama, H.; Engel, J.; Blau, H.; Kedes, L.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gunning P, Ponte P, Okayama H, Engel J, Blau H, Kedes L. Isolation and characterization of full length cDNA clones for human a-, fiand y-actin mRNAs: skeletal but not cytoplasmic actins have an amino-terminal cysteine that is subsequently removed. Mol Cell Biol 1983;3: 787-95.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/295503a0","article-title":"Expression of human immune interferon cDNA in E coli and monkey cells","volume":"295","author":"Gray, P.W.; Leung, D.W.; Pennica, D.; Yelverton, E.; Najaran, R.; Simonsen, C.C.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gray PW, Leung DW, Pennica D, Yelverton E, Najaran R, Simonsen CC, et al. Expression of human immune interferon cDNA in E coli and monkey cells. Nature 1982;295:503-8.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/312724a0","article-title":"Human tumour necrosis factor: precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin","volume":"312","author":"Pennica, D.; Nedwin, G.E.; Hayflick, J.S.; Seeburg, P.H.; Derynck, R.; Palladino, M.A.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pennica D, Nedwin GE, Hayflick JS, Seeburg PH, Derynck R, Palladino MA, et al. Human tumour necrosis factor: precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin. Nature 1984;312:724-6.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/315641a0","article-title":"Sequence and expression of two distinct human interleukin-l complementary DNAs","volume":"315","author":"March, C.J.; Mosley, B.; Larsen, A.; Cerretti, D.P.; Braedt, G.; Price, V.","year":"1985","unstructured":"March CJ, Mosley B, Larsen A, Cerretti DP, Braedt G, Price V, et al. Sequence and expression of two distinct human interleukin-l complementary DNAs. Nature 1985;315:641-7.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1634","article-title":"T-cell growth factor: complete nucleotide sequence","volume-title":"and organization of the gene in normal and malignant cells. Proc Nad Acad Sci","volume":"81","author":"Holbrook, N.J.; Smith, K.A.; Fornace, A.J.; Comeau, C.M.; Wiskocil, R.L.; Crabtree, G.R.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Holbrook NJ, Smith KA, Fornace AJ, Comeau CM, Wiskocil RL, Crabtree GR. T-cell growth factor: complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the gene in normal and malignant cells. Proc Nad Acad Sci USA 1984;81:1634-8."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/311631a0","article-title":"Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding human interleukin-2 receptor","volume":"311","author":"Nikaido, T.; Shimnizu, A.; Ishida, N.; Sabe, H.; Teshigawara, K.; Maeda, M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Nikaido T, Shimnizu A, Ishida N, Sabe H, Teshigawara K, Maeda M, et al. Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding human interleukin-2 receptor. Nature 1984;311:631-5.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"5894","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a human interleukin cDNA clone, homologous to mouse B-cell stimulatory","volume-title":"factor 1, that expresses Bcelland T-cell-stimulating activities. Proc Nad Acad Sci","volume":"83","author":"Yokota, T.; Otsuka, T.; Mosmann, T.; Banchereau, J.; DeFrance, T.; Blanchard, D.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Yokota T, Otsuka T, Mosmann T, Banchereau J, DeFrance T, Blanchard D, et al. Isolation and characterization of a human interleukin cDNA clone, homologous to mouse B-cell stimulatory factor 1, that expresses Bcelland T-cell-stimulating activities. Proc Nad Acad Sci USA 1986;83:5894-8."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.59.070190.004031","article-title":"Cytokines: coordinators of immune and inflammatory responses","volume":"59","author":"Arai, K.; Lee, F.; Miyajima, A.; Miyatake, S.; Arai, N.; Yokota, T.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Arai K, Lee F, Miyajima A, Miyatake S, Arai N, Yokota T. Cytokines: coordinators of immune and inflammatory responses. Ann Rev Biochem 1990;59:783-836.","journal-title":"Ann Rev Biochem"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.45.2.93","article-title":"Cytokines as biological response modifiers","volume":"45","author":"Rees, R.C.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rees RC. Cytokines as biological response modifiers. Y Clin Pathol 1992;45:93-8.","journal-title":"Y Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"480","article-title":"Cytokine production in the rheumatoid joint: implications for treatment","volume":"49","author":"Feldmann, M.; Brennan, F.M.; Chantry, D.; Haworth, C.; Turner, M.; Abney, E.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Feldmann M, Brennan FM, Chantry D, Haworth C, Turner M, Abney E, et al. Cytokine production in the rheumatoid joint: implications for treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 1990;49:480-6.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-0715-0_13","article-title":"Cytokine production by CD3-large granular lymphocytes","volume-title":"Functions of the natural immune system","author":"Ortaldo, JR","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ortaldo JR. Cytokine production by CD3-large granular lymphocytes. In: Reynolds CW, Woltrout RH, eds. Functions of the natural immune system. New York: Plenum Press, 1989:299-320."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"76","article-title":"Cytokine expression in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"30","author":"Brennan, F.M.; Field, M.; Chu, C.Q.; Feldmann, M.; Maini, R.N.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brennan FM, Field M, Chu CQ, Feldmann M, Maini RN. Cytokine expression in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1991;30:76-80.","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"592","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor combines with ILA or IFN-y to selectively enhance endothelial cell adhesiveness for T cells","volume-title":"Y Immunol","volume":"146","author":"Thornhill, M.H.; Wellicome, S.M.; Mahiouz, D.L.; Lanchbury, J.S.S.; Kyan-Aung, U.; Haskard, D.O.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Thornhill MH, Wellicome SM, Mahiouz DL, Lanchbury JSS, Kyan-Aung U, Haskard DO. Tumour necrosis factor combines with ILA or IFN-y to selectively enhance endothelial cell adhesiveness for T cells. Y Immunol 1991;146:592-8."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"2343","article-title":"Oxidized low density lipoprotein suppresses the expression of tumor necrosis factor-a mRNA in stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages","volume":"144","author":"Hamilton, T.A.; Gouping, M.A.; Chisholm, G.M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hamilton TA, Gouping MA, Chisholm GM. Oxidized low density lipoprotein suppresses the expression of tumor necrosis factor-a mRNA in stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. J Immunol 1990;144:2343-50.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"521","article-title":"Pleiotrophy and redundancy: T cell-derived lymphokines in the immune response","volume":"57","author":"Paul, W.E.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Paul WE. Pleiotrophy and redundancy: T cell-derived lymphokines in the immune response. CeU 1989;57: 521-4.","journal-title":"CeU"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/27.2.150","article-title":"The polymorphonuclear cell in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"27","author":"Brown, K.A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brown KA. The polymorphonuclear cell in rheumatoid arthritis. BrJRheumatol 1988;27:150-5.","journal-title":"BrJRheumatol"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/362801a0","article-title":"The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s","volume":"362","author":"Ross, R.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s. Nature 1993;362:801-9.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.47.8.721","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T10:38:57Z","timestamp":1765708737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.47.8.721"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.47.8.721"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.47.8.721","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]}}}