{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1765609336644,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>AIMS: To determine whether immunohistochemistry applied to paraffin wax embedded biopsy tissue can be used to distinguish between B-small lymphocytic lymphoma (B-SLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). METHODS: Formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue blocks of 12 cases of B-SLL and 12 cases of MCL were retrieved from the files of the Department of Pathology, Southampton University Hospitals Trust. Following antigen retrieval, where appropriate, sections were stained for CD3, CD5, CD20, CD23, CD43, Cyclin D, PGP9.5, and MIB1 using a streptavidin-biotin complex technique. RESULTS: CD20 stained the neoplastic cells of B-SLL and MCL, and CD3 labelled the reactive T cells in these tumours. In B-SLL, the T cells were generally dispersed among the tumour cells, whereas in MCL they often formed bands around tumour cell nodules. CD5 could be detected on T cells, following antigen retrieval. The level of expression on B cells of B-SLL and MCL was generally too low to allow detection in paraffin wax embedded tissues. CD23 stained B-SLL but not MCL. However, it could be detected in only five of the 12 cases of B-SLL. CD43 could be detected in most cases of B-SLL and MCL. It is not, therefore, of value in distinguishing between these tumours. It will, however, help in the differentiation of B-SLL and MCL from other low grade B cell lymphomas, such as follicle centre cell and marginal zone lymphomas. Cyclin D was expressed in all of the MCL but in none of the B-SLL. PGP9.5 showed reactivity in most cases of MCL and much weaker reactivity in B-SLL. The proliferation indexes of MCL were generally higher than those of B-SLL, as measured by MIB1 labelling. Both tumours, however, showed a wide range of values and considerable overlap. CONCLUSION: Staining for Cyclin D is the most reliable immunohistochemical mean of differentiating between B-SLL an MCL. High levels of PGP9.5, expressed in MCL, may be related to the degradation of Cyclin D by the ubiquitin pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.50.1.16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"16-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The value of immunohistochemistry on paraffin wax embedded tissue sections in the differentiation of small lymphocytic and mantle cell lymphomas."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D H","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199207000-00001","article-title":"Mantle cell lymphoma: A proposal for unification of morphologic, immunologic and molecular data","volume":"16","author":"Banks, P.M.; Chan, J.; Cleary, M.L.; Delsol, G.; De Wolf-Peeters, C.; Gatter, K.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Banks PM, Chan J, Cleary ML, Delsol G, De Wolf-Peeters C, Gatter K, et al. Mantle cell lymphoma: A proposal for unification of morphologic, immunologic and molecular data. AmJ Surg Pathol 1992;16:637-40.","journal-title":"AmJ Surg Pathol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.5.1361.1361","article-title":"A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: A proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group","volume":"84","author":"Harris, N.L.; Jaffe, E.S.; Stein, H.; Banks, P.M.; Chan, K.C.; Cleary, M.L.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H, Banks PM, Chan KC, Cleary ML, et al. A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: A proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group. Blood 1994;84:1361-92.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"406","article-title":"Classification of nonHodgkin's lymphomas","volume":"ii:","author":"Gerard-Marchant, R.; Hamlin, I.; Lennert, K.; Rilke, F.; Stansfeld, A.G.; van Unnik, J.A.M.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gerard-Marchant R, Hamlin I, Lennert K, Rilke F, Stansfeld AG, van Unnik JAM. Classification of nonHodgkin's lymphomas. Lancet 1974;ii:406.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19901101)66:9<1995::AID-CNCR2820660925>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"lymphocytic lymphoma: A clinico-pathologic study and comparison with small lymphocytic lymphoma and diffuse, small cleaved cell lymphoma","volume":"66","author":"Perry, D.; Bast, M.; Armitage, J.; Diffuse, Weisenburger D.; intermediate","year":"1990","unstructured":"Perry D, Bast M, Armitage J, Weisenburger D. Diffuse, intermediate, lymphocytic lymphoma: A clinico-pathologic study and comparison with small lymphocytic lymphoma and diffuse, small cleaved cell lymphoma. Cancer 1990;66: 1995-2000.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199008000-00007","article-title":"Lymphocytic lymphoma of intermediate differentiation: Morphologic and immunophenotypic spectrum and clinical correlations","volume":"14","author":"Lardelli, P.; Bookman, M.; Sundeen, J.; Longo, D.; Jaffe, E.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lardelli P, Bookman M, Sundeen J, Longo D, Jaffe E. Lymphocytic lymphoma of intermediate differentiation: Morphologic and immunophenotypic spectrum and clinical correlations. Am J Surg Pathol 1990;14:752-63.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(87)80051-5","article-title":"Intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma: An immunohistologic study with comparison to other lymphocytic lymphomas","volume":"18","author":"Weisenburger, D.; Linder, J.; Daley, H.; Armitage, J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Weisenburger D, Linder J, Daley H, Armitage J. Intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma: An immunohistologic study with comparison to other lymphocytic lymphomas. Hum Pathol 1987;18:781-90.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Tumors of the hematopoietic system. In: Atlas of tumor pathology. Section 3","volume":"8","author":"Rappaport, H.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Rappaport H. Tumors of the hematopoietic system. In: Atlas of tumor pathology. Section 3. Fascicle 8. Washington DC: US Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1966.","journal-title":"Fascicle"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197410)34:8+<1488::AID-CNCR2820340822>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Immunological characterisation of human malignant lymphomas","volume":"34","author":"Lukes, R.J.; Collins, R.D.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Lukes RJ, Collins RD. Immunological characterisation of human malignant lymphomas. Cancer 1974;34:1488-503.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820401)49:7<1429::AID-CNCR2820490720>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Mantle zone lymphoma: A follicular variant of intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma","volume":"49","author":"Weisenburger, D.D.; Kim, H.; Rappaport, H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Weisenburger DD, Kim H, Rappaport H. Mantle zone lymphoma: A follicular variant of intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma. Cancer 1982;49:1429-38.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"Histopathology of non-Hodgkin 's lymphomas (based on the updated Kiel classification)","author":"Lennert, K.; Feller, A.C.","unstructured":"Lennert K, Feller AC. Histopathology of non-Hodgkin 's lymphomas (based on the updated Kiel classification). 2nd edn. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1992: 101.","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/105.4.451","article-title":"The utility of flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis in the distinction of small lymphocytic lymphoma\/chronic lymphocytic leukemia from mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"105","author":"Kilo, M.N.; Dorfman, D.M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kilo MN, Dorfman DM. The utility of flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis in the distinction of small lymphocytic lymphoma\/chronic lymphocytic leukemia from mantle cell lymphoma. Am J Clin Pathol 1996;105:451-7.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(87)80262-9","article-title":"Lymphocytic lymphoma of intermediate differentiation-Mantle zone lymphoma: A distinct subtype of B-cell lymphoma","volume":"18","author":"Jaffe, E.S.; Bookman, M.A.; Longo, D.L.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jaffe ES, Bookman MA, Longo DL. Lymphocytic lymphoma of intermediate differentiation-Mantle zone lymphoma: A distinct subtype of B-cell lymphoma. Hum Pathol 1987;18:877-80.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.10.2829.2829","article-title":"B-cell lymphomas: A heterogeneous group of patients with distinct clinical features and outcome","volume":"83","author":"Berger, F.; Felman, P.; Sonet, A.; Salles, G.; Bastion, Y.; Bryon, P.A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Berger F, Felman P, Sonet A, Salles G, Bastion Y, Bryon PA, et al. Non-follicular, small, B-cell lymphomas: A heterogeneous group of patients with distinct clinical features and outcome. Blood 1994;83:2829-35.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00615.x","article-title":"Mantle cell lymphoma: A clinicopathological study of 55 cases","volume":"26","author":"Pittaluga, S.; Wlodarska, I.; Stul, M.S.; Thomas, J.; Verhoef, G.; Cassiman, J.J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pittaluga S, Wlodarska I, Stul MS, Thomas J, Verhoef G, Cassiman JJ, et al. Mantle cell lymphoma: A clinicopathological study of 55 cases. Histopathology 1995;26: 17-24.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(88)80203-X","article-title":"Intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma: An immunophenotypic study with comparison to small lymphocytic lymphoma and diffuse, small cleaved cell lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Strickler, J.G.; Medeiros, J.; Copenhaver, C.M.; Weiss, L.M.; Warnke, R.A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Strickler JG, Medeiros J, Copenhaver CM, Weiss LM, Warnke RA. Intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma: An immunophenotypic study with comparison to small lymphocytic lymphoma and diffuse, small cleaved cell lymphoma. Hum Pathol 1988;19:550-4.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/100.4.373","article-title":"Diffuse, low-grade B-cell lymphomas. Four clinically distinct subtypes defined by a combination of morphologic and immunophenotypic features","volume":"100","author":"Zukerberg, L.R.; Medeiros, L.J.L.; Ferry, J.A.; Harris, N.L.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zukerberg LR, Medeiros LJL, Ferry JA, Harris NL. Diffuse, low-grade B-cell lymphomas. Four clinically distinct subtypes defined by a combination of morphologic and immunophenotypic features. Am J Clin Pathol 1993;100: 373-85.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.47.5.448","article-title":"Microwave antigen retrieval in immunocytochemistry: A study of 80 antibodies","volume":"47","author":"Cuevas, E.C.; Bateman, A.C.; Wilkins, B.S.; Johnson, P.A.; Williams, J.H.; Lee, A.H.S.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cuevas EC, Bateman AC, Wilkins BS, Johnson PA, Williams JH, Lee AHS, et al. Microwave antigen retrieval in immunocytochemistry: A study of 80 antibodies. J Clin Pathol 1994;47:448-52.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"149","article-title":"Methods in laboratory investigation. ImmunoMax. A maximised immunohistochemical method for the retrieval and enhancement of hidden antigens","volume-title":"Lab Invest","volume":"73","author":"Merz, H.; Malisius, S.; Mannweiler, R.; Zhou, W.; Hartman, N.; Orscheschek, K.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Merz H, Malisius S, Mannweiler R, Zhou W, Hartman N, Orscheschek K, et al. Methods in laboratory investigation. ImmunoMax. A maximised immunohistochemical method for the retrieval and enhancement of hidden antigens. Lab Invest 1995;73:149-56."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.45.11.1018","article-title":"CD43 expression in B-cell lymphoma","volume":"45","author":"Treasure, J.; Lane, A.; Jones, D.B.; Wright, D.H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Treasure J, Lane A, Jones DB, Wright DH. CD43 expression in B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Pathol 1992;45: 1018-22.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711740410","article-title":"Possible role of tissue-bound calcium ions in citrate-mediated hightemperature antigen retrieval","volume":"174","author":"Morgan, J.M.; Navabi, H.; Schmid, K.W.; Jasani, B.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Morgan JM, Navabi H, Schmid KW, Jasani B. Possible role of tissue-bound calcium ions in citrate-mediated hightemperature antigen retrieval. JPathol 1994;174:301-7.","journal-title":"JPathol"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V69.6.1617.1617","article-title":"Intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma: Immunophenotypic and cytogenetic findings","volume":"69","author":"Weisenburger, D.D.; Sanger, W.G.; Armitage, J.O.; Purtilo, D.T.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Weisenburger DD, Sanger WG, Armitage JO, Purtilo DT. Intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma: Immunophenotypic and cytogenetic findings. Blood 1987;69: 1617-21.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/95.5.684","article-title":"t(I 1; 14) (qI3; q32) in B-cell lymphomas (intermediately differentiated lymphocytic and follicular): A report of 4 cases","volume":"95","author":"Frizzera, G.; Sakurai, M.; Notohara, K.; Konishi, H.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Frizzera G, Sakurai M, Notohara K, Konishi H. t(I 1; 14) (qI3;q32) in B-cell lymphomas (intermediately differentiated lymphocytic and follicular): A report of 4 cases. Am 7 Clin Pathol 1991;95:684-91.","journal-title":"Am 7 Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"13","article-title":"1; 14): A cytogenetic anomaly associated with B-cell lymphomas of non-follicle centre cell lineage","volume":"163","author":"Vandenberghe, E.; de Wolf-Peeters, C.; van den Oord, J.; Wlodarska, I.; Delabie, J.; Stul, M.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vandenberghe E, de Wolf-Peeters C, van den Oord J, Wlodarska I, Delabie J, Stul M, et al. Translocation (1 1;14): A cytogenetic anomaly associated with B-cell lymphomas of non-follicle centre cell lineage. J Pathol 1991;163:13-18.","journal-title":"et al. Translocation"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1991.tb08582.x","article-title":"Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with t(l 1; 14) (q13; q32): A subset of mantle zone-intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma?","volume":"77","author":"Leroux, D.; Le Marc'Hadour, F.; Gressin, R.; Jacob, M.C.; Keddari, E.; Monteil, M.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Leroux D, Le Marc'Hadour F, Gressin R, Jacob MC, Keddari E, Monteil M, et al. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with t(l 1;14) (q13;q32): A subset of mantle zone-intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma? Br J Haematol 1991;77:346-53.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(95)90090-X","article-title":"Expression of Cyclin D I protein in centrocytic\/mantle cell lymphomas with, and without, rearrangement of the BCL-1\/Cyclin Dl gene","volume":"26","author":"Swerdlow, S.H.; Yang, W.-I.; Zukerberg, L.R.; Harris, N.L.; Arnold, A.; Williams, M.E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Swerdlow SH, Yang W-I, Zukerberg LR, Harris NL, Arnold A, Williams ME. Expression of Cyclin D I protein in centrocytic\/mantle cell lymphomas with, and without, rearrangement of the BCL-1\/Cyclin Dl gene. Hum Pathol 1995;26:999-1004.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199607)179:3<238::AID-PATH566>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"bcl-l rearrangement and Cyclin DI protein expression in mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"179","author":"Ott, M.M.; Helbing, A.; Ott, G.; Bartek, J.; Fischer, L.; Durr, A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ott MM, Helbing A, Ott G, Bartek J, Fischer L, Durr A, et al. bcl-l rearrangement and Cyclin DI protein expression in mantle cell lymphoma. J Pathol 1996;179:238-42.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"86","article-title":"Cyclin D1 (Bcl-1, PRAD1) protein expression in lowgrade B-cell lymphomas and reactive hyperplasia","volume":"145","author":"Yang, W.-I.; Zukerberg, L.R.; Motokura, T.; Arnold, A.; Harris, N.L.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yang W-I, Zukerberg LR, Motokura T, Arnold A, Harris NL. Cyclin D1 (Bcl-1, PRAD1) protein expression in lowgrade B-cell lymphomas and reactive hyperplasia. Anm Pathol 1994;145:86-96.","journal-title":"Anm Pathol"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/103.6.756","article-title":"Cyclin DI expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Detection by immunohistochemistry","volume":"103","author":"Zukerberg, L.R.; Yang, W.-I.; Arnold, A.; Harris, N.L.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zukerberg LR, Yang W-I, Arnold A, Harris NL. Cyclin DI expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Detection by immunohistochemistry. Am J Clin Pathol 1995;103:756-60.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2530630","article-title":"The neuron-specific protein PGP9.5 is a ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase","volume":"246","author":"Wilkinson, K.D.; Lee, K.; Deshpande, S.; Duerksen-Hughes, P.; Boss, J.M.; Pohl, J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wilkinson KD, Lee K, Deshpande S, Duerksen-Hughes P, Boss JM, Pohl J. The neuron-specific protein PGP9.5 is a ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase. Science 1989;246: 670-3.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"249","article-title":"Non-enzymatic retrieval of antigen permits staining of follicle centre cells by the rabbit polyclonal antibody to protein gene product 9.5","volume":"173","author":"Langlois, N.E.I.; King, G.; Herriot, R.; Thompson, W.D.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Langlois NEI, King G, Herriot R, Thompson WD. Non-enzymatic retrieval of antigen permits staining of follicle centre cells by the rabbit polyclonal antibody to protein gene product 9.5. JPathol 1994;173:249-53."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711750411","article-title":"An evaluation of the staining of lymphomas and normal tissues by the rabbit polyclonal antibody to protein gene product 9.5, following non-enzymatic retrieval of antigen","volume":"175","author":"Langlois, N.E.I.; King, G.; Herriot, R.; Thompson, W.D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Langlois NEI, King G, Herriot R, Thompson WD. An evaluation of the staining of lymphomas and normal tissues by the rabbit polyclonal antibody to protein gene product 9.5, following non-enzymatic retrieval of antigen. J Pathol 1995;175:433-9.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/349132a0","article-title":"MW Cyclin is degraded by the ubiquitin pathway","volume":"349","author":"Glotzer, M.; Murray, A.W.; Kirschner","year":"1991","unstructured":"Glotzer M, Murray AW, Kirschner MW Cyclin is degraded by the ubiquitin pathway. Nature 1991;349: 132-8.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.50.1.16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T07:55:38Z","timestamp":1765007738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.50.1.16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.50.1.16"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.50.1.16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-9746"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1472-4146"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}}}