{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:02:19Z","timestamp":1792695739194,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Kaposi's sarcoma is considered to be an angioproliferative disease associated with a novel herpesvirus (KSHV\/HHV8), but the precise pathophysiology of the lesion remains unclear. The study of clonality in Kaposi's sarcoma using X linked DNA polymorphism has been difficult so far, because of a very strong prevalence of the disease in males. AIMS: To study the clonality of Kaposi's sarcoma lesions. METHODS: An assay based on a methyl sensitive restriction digest followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the highly polymorphic human androgen receptor (HUMARA) gene was used. Tissues from Kaposi's sarcoma lesions and control tissues from the same patients were obtained from seven females, four with classic Kaposi's sarcoma and three with AIDS associated Kaposi's sarcoma. A cutaneous angiosarcoma was also analysed, for comparative purposes, and showed evidence of clonality after HpaII digestion. RESULTS: All patients were heterozygous for the HUMARA polymorphism and informative for analysis. In all patients, including four with a nodular form of Kaposi's sarcoma and more than 70% spindle cells in the lesion, a polyclonal pattern of inactivation could be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: The Kaposi's sarcoma lesion is first of all a polyclonal cell proliferation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.50.8.664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1181350246000},"page":"664-668","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Molecular analysis of clonality in Kaposi's sarcoma."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Delabesse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Oksenhendler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Lebb\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"V\u00e9rola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Varet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A G","family":"Turhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"28","key":"ref_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"1993","author":"Tappero, J.W.; Conant, M.A.; Wolfe, S.F.; Berger, T.G.","unstructured":"Tappero JW, Conant MA, Wolfe SF, Berger TG. Kaposi's sarcoma. JAm Acad Dermatol 1993,28:371-95.","journal-title":"JAm Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"266","key":"ref_2","first-page":"1865","article-title":"Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"1994","author":"Chang, Y.; Cesarman, E.; Pessin, M.S.; Lee, F.; Culpepper, J.C.; Knowles, D.M.","unstructured":"Chang Y, Cesarman E, Pessin MS, Lee F, Culpepper JC, Knowles DM, et al. Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Science 1994,266:1865-9.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"227","key":"ref_3","first-page":"6425","article-title":"Use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms to determine the clonal origin ofhuman tumours","volume":"1985","author":"Vogelstein, B.; Fearon, E.R.; Hamilton, SR, Feinberg; A.P.","unstructured":"Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, Feinberg AP. Use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms to determine the clonal origin ofhuman tumours. Science 1985,227:6425.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"47","key":"ref_4","first-page":"4806","article-title":"Clonal analysis using recombinant DNA probes from the X-chromosome","volume":"1987","author":"Vogelstein, B.; Fearon, E.R.; Hamilton, SR, Preisinger; AC, Willard; HF, Michelson; A.M.","unstructured":"Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, Preisinger AC, Willard HF, Michelson AM, et al. Clonal analysis using recombinant DNA probes from the X-chromosome. Cancer Res 1987,47:4806-13.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V82.2.337.bloodjournal822337","article-title":"Clonal evolution in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"82","author":"Busque, L.; Gilliland, D.G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Busque L, Gilliland DG. Clonal evolution in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 1993;82:337-42.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1229","article-title":"Methylation of HpaII and HhaI sites near the polymorphic CAG repeat in the human androgen-receptor gene correlates with X chromosome inactivation","volume":"51","author":"Allen, R.C.; Zoghbi, H.Y.; Moseley, A.B.; Rosenblatt, H.M.; Belmont, J.W.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Allen RC, Zoghbi HY, Moseley AB, Rosenblatt HM, Belmont JW. Methylation of HpaII and HhaI sites near the polymorphic CAG repeat in the human androgen-receptor gene correlates with X chromosome inactivation. Am J Hum Genet 1992;51:1229-39.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref_7","first-page":"877","article-title":"AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in female patients","volume":"1991","author":"Lassoued, K.; Clauvel, J.P.; Fegueux, S.; Matheron, S.; Gorin, I.; Oksenhendler, E.","unstructured":"Lassoued K, Clauvel JP, Fegueux S, Matheron S, Gorin I, Oksenhendler E. AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in female patients. AIDS 1991-5:877-80.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"257","article-title":"AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma is a clonal neoplasm","volume":"1","author":"Rabkin, C.S.; Bedi, G.; Musaba, E.; Sunkutu, R.; Mwansa, N.; Sidransky, D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rabkin CS, Bedi G, Musaba E, Sunkutu R, Mwansa N, Sidransky D, et al. AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma is a clonal neoplasm. Clin Cancer Res 1995;1:257-60.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"14862","article-title":"Nucleotide sequence of the Kaposi","volume-title":"sarcomaassociated herpesvirus (HHV8). Proc Nail Acad Sci","volume":"93","author":"ll, Russo; RA, Bohenzky; MC, Chien; J, Chen; M, Yan; D, Maddalena","year":"1996","unstructured":"Russo ll, Bohenzky RA, Chien MC, Chen J, Yan M, Maddalena D, et al. Nucleotide sequence of the Kaposi sarcomaassociated herpesvirus (HHV8). Proc Nail Acad Sci USA 1996;93: 14862-7."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1578","article-title":"Quantitative non-radioactive clonality analysis of human leukemic cells and progenitors using the human androgen receptor (AR) gene","volume":"9","author":"Delabesse, E.; Aral, S.; Kamoun, P.; Varet, B.; Turhan, A.G.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Delabesse E, Aral S, Kamoun P, Varet B, Turhan AG. Quantitative non-radioactive clonality analysis of human leukemic cells and progenitors using the human androgen receptor (AR) gene. Leukemia 1995;9:1578-82.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1992.tb01553.x","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma: a clinicopathologic review and differential diagnosis","volume":"19","author":"Chor, P.J.; Santa Cruz, D.J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chor PJ, Santa Cruz DJ. Kaposi's sarcoma: a clinicopathologic review and differential diagnosis. Jf Cutan Pathol 1992;19:6-20.","journal-title":"Jf Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19900815)66:4<758::AID-CNCR2820660427>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A flow cytometric DNA analysis of 26 lesions in 21 patients","volume":"66","author":"Fukunaga, M.; Silverberg, S.G.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fukunaga M, Silverberg SG. Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A flow cytometric DNA analysis of 26 lesions in 21 patients. Cancer 1990;66:758-64.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma: a reversible hyperplasia","volume":"1309","author":"nJ, Brooks","year":"1986","unstructured":"Brooks nJ. Kaposi's sarcoma: a reversible hyperplasia. Lancet 1986;ii:1309-1 1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1992.tb01412.x","article-title":"Cytokines and growth factors in the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"127","author":"Ensoli, B.; Barillari, G.; Gallo, R.C.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ensoli B, Barillari G, Gallo RC. Cytokines and growth factors in the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Immunol Rev 1992;127: 147-55.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/87.13.974","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of an immortal neoplastic cell line (KS Y-1) from AIDSassociated Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"87","author":"Lunardi-Iskandar, Y.; Gill, P.; Lam, V.H.; Zeman, R.A.; Michaels, F.; Mann, D.L.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lunardi-Iskandar Y, Gill P, Lam VH, Zeman RA, Michaels F, Mann DL, et al. Isolation and characterization of an immortal neoplastic cell line (KS Y-1) from AIDSassociated Kaposi's sarcoma. Jf Nad Cancer Inst 1995;87: 974-81.","journal-title":"Jf Nad Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199405000-00002","article-title":"Characterization of a human Kaposi's sarcoma cell line that induces angiogenic tumours in animals","volume":"8","author":"Herndier, B.G.; Werner, A.; Arnstein, P.; Abbey, N.W.; Demartis, F.; Cohen, R.L.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Herndier BG, Werner A, Arnstein P, Abbey NW, Demartis F, Cohen RL, et al. Characterization of a human Kaposi's sarcoma cell line that induces angiogenic tumours in animals. AIDS 1994;8:575-81.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.4.697","article-title":"An expression based clonality assay at the human androgen receptor locus (HUMARA) on chromosome X","volume":"22","author":"Busque, L.; Zhu, J.; DeHart, D.; Griffith, B.; Willman, C.; Carroll, R.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Busque L, Zhu J, DeHart D, Griffith B, Willman C, Carroll R, et al. An expression based clonality assay at the human androgen receptor locus (HUMARA) on chromosome X. Nucleic Acids Res 1994;22:697-8.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/00019606-199412000-00013","article-title":"Analysis of clonality by amplification of short tandem repeats: carcinomas of the female reproductive tract","volume":"3","year":"1994","unstructured":"Enamoto T, Fujita M, Inoue M, Tanizawa 0, Normura T, Shroyer KR. Analysis of clonality by amplification of short tandem repeats: carcinomas of the female reproductive tract. Diagn Mol Pathol 1994;3:292-7.","journal-title":"Diagn Mol Pathol"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1295-1274","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infects endothelial and spindle cells","volume":"1","author":"Boshoff, C.; Schulz, T.F.; Kennedy, M.M.; Graham, A.K.; Fisher, C.; Thomas, A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Boshoff C, Schulz TF, Kennedy MM, Graham AK, Fisher C, Thomas A, et al. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infects endothelial and spindle cells. Nat Med 1995;1: 1274-8.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118735","article-title":"Transcription of human herpesvirus-like agent (HHV-8) in Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"97","author":"Huang, Y.G.; Li, J.J.; Zhang, W.G.; Feiner, D.; Friedman-Kien, A.E.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Huang YG, Li JJ, Zhang WG, Feiner D, Friedman-Kien AE. Transcription of human herpesvirus-like agent (HHV-8) in Kaposi's sarcoma. Jf Clin Invest 1996;97:2803-6.","journal-title":"Jf Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/385347a0","article-title":"Human herpesvirus KSHV encodes a constitutively active G-protein-coupled receptor linked to cell proliferation","volume":"385","author":"Arvanitakis, L.; Geras-Raaka, Varma; A, Gershengorn; MC, Cesarman; E.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Arvanitakis L, Geras-Raaka, Varma A, Gershengorn MC, Cesarman E. Human herpesvirus KSHV encodes a constitutively active G-protein-coupled receptor linked to cell proliferation. Nature 1997;385:347-50.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0397-293","article-title":"Chang Y Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encodes a funtional Bcl-2 homologue","volume":"3","author":"Sarid, R.; Sato, T.; Bohenzky, R.A.; Russo, J.J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sarid R, Sato T, Bohenzky RA, Russo JJ, Chang Y Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encodes a funtional Bcl-2 homologue. Nat Med 1997;3:293-8.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/382410a0","article-title":"Cyclin encoded by KS herpesvirus","volume":"382","author":"Chang, Y.; Moore, P.S.; Talbot, S.J.; Boshoff, C.H.; Zarkowska, T.; Godden-Kent, D.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chang Y, Moore PS, Talbot SJ, Boshoff CH, Zarkowska T, Godden-Kent D, et al. Cyclin encoded by KS herpesvirus. Nature 1996;382:410.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1739","article-title":"Molecular mimicry of human cytokine and cytokine response pathway genes by KSHV","volume":"274","author":"Moore, P.S.; Boshoff, C.; Weiss, R.A.; Chang, Y.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Moore PS, Boshoff C, Weiss RA, Chang Y. Molecular mimicry of human cytokine and cytokine response pathway genes by KSHV. Science 1997;274:1739-44.","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.50.8.664","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:15:37Z","timestamp":1758816937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.50.8.664"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,8]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.50.8.664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.50.8.664","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,8]]}}}