{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:08:51Z","timestamp":1791212931249,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>AIMS: To investigate whether the antigen levels of the B cell lineage markers CD19 and CD20 can distinguish between normal and neoplastic B cells or characterise distinct expression patterns among the chronic B cell leukaemias. METHODS: Peripheral blood cells from 70 patients with B cell disorders and 17 healthy donors were analysed by quantitative flow cytometry. Direct immunofluorescence staining was performed with phycoerythrin conjugated CD19 and CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Standard microbeads with different capacities to bind mouse immunoglobulins were used to convert the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values into number of antigen molecules\/cell, expressed as antibody binding capacity (ABC). RESULTS: CD19 and CD20 ABC values in leukaemic B cells differed from those of normal blood B lymphocytes. The results identified distinct profiles of CD19 and CD20 expression in the various types of B cell leukaemias. In all leukaemias studied except hairy cell leukaemia (HCL), CD19 expression was significantly lower than the mean (SD) value in normal B cells (22 (7) x 10(3) molecules\/cell), as follows: chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), 13 (7) x 10(3); B prolymphocytic leukaemia (B-PLL), 16 (9) x 10(3); splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (SLVL), 15 (11) x 10(3); mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), 10 (7) x 10(3). In HCL there was strong CD19 expression (38 (16) x 10(3)). In contrast, the level of expression of membrane CD20 was higher than the mean (SD) value in normal B cells (94 (16) x 10(3) molecules\/cell) in MCL (123 (51) x 10(3)); B-PLL (129 (47) x 10(3)); SLVL (167 (72) x 10(3)); and HCL (312 (110) x 10(3)); while it was significantly lower (65 (11) x 10(3)) in CLL compared with normal B cells and the other B cell leukaemias. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative determination of CD19 and CD20 may provide useful diagnostic information for the study of B lymphoproliferative disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.51.5.364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,31]],"date-time":"2008-12-31T19:05:02Z","timestamp":1230750302000},"page":"364-369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":275,"title":["Levels of expression of CD19 and CD20 in chronic B cell leukaemias."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Ginaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"De Martinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Matutes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Farahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Morilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Catovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1640","article-title":"The immunological profile of B-cell disorders and proposal of a scoring system for the diagnosis of CLL","volume":"8","author":"Matutes, E.; Owusu-Ankomah, K.; Morilla, R.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Matutes E, Owusu-Ankomah K, Morilla R, et al. The immunological profile of B-cell disorders and proposal of a scoring system for the diagnosis of CLL. Leukemia 1994;8:1640\u20135.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.42.9.962","article-title":"Leukaemic phase of mantle-zone (intermediate) lymphoma. Its characterisation in 11 cases","volume":"42","author":"de Oliveira MS, Pombo; ES, JaVe; D, Catovsky","year":"1989","unstructured":"Pombo de Oliveira MS, JaVe ES, Catovsky D. Leukaemic phase of mantle-zone (intermediate) lymphoma. Its characterisation in 11 cases. J Clin Pathol 1989;42: 962\u201372.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0320(19960615)26:2<137::AID-CYTO7>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of leukocyte membrane antigen expression: normal adult values","volume":"26","author":"Bikoue, A.; George, F.; Poncelet, P.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bikoue A, George F, Poncelet P, et al. Quantitative analysis of leukocyte membrane antigen expression: normal adult values. Cytometry 1996;26:137\u201347.","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"877","article-title":"for the Working Group on Flow Cytometry and Image Analysis. Consensus protocol for the flow cytometric immunophenotyping of hematopoietic malignancies","volume":"10","author":"Rothe, G.; Schmitz, G.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rothe G, Schmitz G, for the Working Group on Flow Cytometry and Image Analysis. Consensus protocol for the flow cytometric immunophenotyping of hematopoietic malignancies. Leukemia 1996;10:877\u201395.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1720.x","article-title":"DiVerential expression of CD3 and CD7 in T-cell malignancies. A quantitative study by flow cytometry","volume":"93","author":"Ginaldi, L.; Matutes, E.; Farahat, N.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ginaldi L, Matutes E, Farahat N, et al. DiVerential expression of CD3 and CD7 in T-cell malignancies. A quantitative study by flow cytometry. Br J Haematol 1996; 93:921\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"209","article-title":"Leukemiaassociated changes identified by quantitative flow cytometry","volume":"10","author":"Lavabre-Bertrand, T.; Janossy, G.; Ivory, K.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lavabre-Bertrand T, Janossy G, Ivory K, et al. Leukemiaassociated changes identified by quantitative flow cytometry. I. CD10 expression. Cytometry 1994;18:209\u201317.","journal-title":"I"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1995.tb05360.x","article-title":"Quantitative flow cytometry can distinguish between normal and leukaemic B-cell precursors","volume":"91","author":"Farahat, N.; Lens, D.; Zomas, A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Farahat N, Lens D, Zomas A, et al. Quantitative flow cytometry can distinguish between normal and leukaemic B-cell precursors. Br J Haematol 1995;91:640\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830400404","article-title":"Reduced expression of CD20 antigen as a characteristic marker for chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"40","author":"Almasri, N.M.; Duque, R.E.; Iturraspe, J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Almasri NM, Duque RE, Iturraspe J, et al. Reduced expression of CD20 antigen as a characteristic marker for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Hematol 1992;40: 259\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1992.tb24651.x","article-title":"CD20 and CD5 expression in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"651","author":"Marti, G.E.; Faguet, G.; Bertin, P.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Marti GE, Faguet G, Bertin P, et al. CD20 and CD5 expression in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992;651:480\u20133.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/101.3.312","article-title":"Measurement of the intensity of cell surface antigen expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"101","author":"Witzig, T.E.; Li, C.-Y.; TeVeri, A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Witzig TE, Li C-Y, TeVeri A, et al. Measurement of the intensity of cell surface antigen expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol 1994;101: 312\u201317.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/106.4.457","article-title":"Heterogeneity and clinical relevance of the intensity of CD20 and immunoglobulin light-chain expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"106","author":"TeVeri, A.; Bartholmai, B.J.; Witzig, T.E.","year":"1996","unstructured":"TeVeri A, Bartholmai BJ, Witzig TE, et al. Heterogeneity and clinical relevance of the intensity of CD20 and immunoglobulin light-chain expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol 1996;106:457\u201361.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1557","article-title":"Leukemia-associated changes identified by quantitative flow cytometry. II. CD5 over-expression and monitoring in B-CLL","volume":"8","author":"Lavabre-Bertrand, T.; Janossy, G.; Exbrayat, C.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lavabre-Bertrand T, Janossy G, Exbrayat C, et al. Leukemia-associated changes identified by quantitative flow cytometry. II. CD5 over-expression and monitoring in B-CLL. Leukemia 1994;8:1557\u201363.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2400835","article-title":"Analysis of residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia by flow cytometry","volume":"11","author":"Cabezudo, E.; Matutes, E.; Ramrattan, M.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cabezudo E, Matutes E, Ramrattan M, et al. Analysis of residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia by flow cytometry. Leukemia 1997;11:1909\u201314.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.49.7.539","article-title":"DiVerential expression of T cell antigens in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes: a quantitative analysis by flow cytometry","volume":"49","author":"Ginaldi, L.; Farahat, N.; Matutes, E.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ginaldi L, Farahat N, Matutes E, et al. DiVerential expression of T cell antigens in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes: a quantitative analysis by flow cytometry. J Clin Pathol 1996;49:539\u201344.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(95)00064-H","article-title":"Determination of the antibody binding capacity of lymphocyte membrane antigens by flow cytometry in 58 blood donors","volume":"183","author":"Lenkei, R.; Andersson, B.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lenkei R, Andersson B. Determination of the antibody binding capacity of lymphocyte membrane antigens by flow cytometry in 58 blood donors. J Immunol Methods 1995;183:267\u201377.","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"11558","article-title":"CD19 signal transduction molecule is a response regulator","volume-title":"of B-lymphocyte diVerentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci","volume":"92","author":"Sato, S.; Steeber, D.A.; Tedder, T.F.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sato S, Steeber DA, Tedder TF. CD19 signal transduction molecule is a response regulator of B-lymphocyte diVerentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1995;92:11558\u201362."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1316","article-title":"Flow cytometric analysis of human bone marrow","volume":"70","author":"Loken, M.R.; Shah, V.O.; Dattilio, K.L.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Loken MR, Shah VO, Dattilio KL, et al. Flow cytometric analysis of human bone marrow. II. Normal B-lymphocyte development. Blood 1987;70:1316\u201324.","journal-title":"II. Normal B-lymphocyte development. Blood"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199509059636","article-title":"CD19 antigen in leukemia and lymphoma diagnosis and immunotherapy","volume":"18","author":"Scheurmann, R.H.; Racila, E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Scheurmann RH, Racila E. CD19 antigen in leukemia and lymphoma diagnosis and immunotherapy. Leuk Lymphoma 1995;18:385\u201397.","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13099","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.22.13099","article-title":"Expression of calcium-permeable cation channel CD20 accelerates progression through the G1 phase in Balb\/c 3T3 cells","volume":"270","author":"Kanzaki, M.; Shibata, H.; Mogami, H.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kanzaki M, Shibata H, Mogami H, et al. Expression of calcium-permeable cation channel CD20 accelerates progression through the G1 phase in Balb\/c 3T3 cells. J Biol Chem 1995;270:13099\u2013104.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.135.2.973","article-title":"The B cell surface molecule B1 is functionally linked with B cell activation and diVerentiation","volume":"135","author":"Tedder, T.F.; Boyd, A.W.; Freedman, A.S.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Tedder TF, Boyd AW, Freedman AS, et al. The B cell surface molecule B1 is functionally linked with B cell activation and diVerentiation. J Immunol 1985;135:973\u20139.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11282","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)60461-2","article-title":"Phosphorylation of the CD20 phosphoprotein in resting B lymphocytes: regulation by PKC","volume":"264","author":"Valentine, M.A.; Keier, K.E.; Rossie, S.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Valentine MA, Keier KE, Rossie S, et al. Phosphorylation of the CD20 phosphoprotein in resting B lymphocytes: regulation by PKC. J Biol Chem 1989;264:11282\u20137.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"57","article-title":"The immunophenotype of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Proposal for a scoring system to distinguish from B-cell disorders with hairy or villous lymphocytes","volume":"14","author":"Matutes, E.; Morilla, R.; Owusu-Ankomah, K.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Matutes E, Morilla R, Owusu-Ankomah K, et al. The immunophenotype of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Proposal for a scoring system to distinguish from B-cell disorders with hairy or villous lymphocytes. Leuk Lymphoma 1994;14:57\u201361.","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V82.4.1277.1277","article-title":"Diagnostic application of two-color flow cytometry in 161 cases of hairy cell leukemia","volume":"82","author":"Robbins, B.A.; Ellison, D.J.; Spinosa, J.C.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Robbins BA, Ellison DJ, Spinosa JC, et al. Diagnostic application of two-color flow cytometry in 161 cases of hairy cell leukemia. Blood 1993;82:1277\u201387.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1990.tb04349.x","article-title":"Induction of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and hairy cell leukaemia like phenotypes by phorbol ester treatment of normal peripheral blood B-cells","volume":"75","author":"Visser, L.; Poppema, S.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Visser L, Poppema S. Induction of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and hairy cell leukaemia like phenotypes by phorbol ester treatment of normal peripheral blood B-cells. Br J Haematol 1990;75:359\u201365.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.51.5.364","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T02:31:33Z","timestamp":1764988293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.51.5.364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.51.5.364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.51.5.364","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]}}}