{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:20:57Z","timestamp":1790976057536,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>AIM: To investigate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression in glomerular disease in the context of heavy proteinuria. METHODS: Non-radioisotopic in situ hybridisation was performed using a cocktail of 12 deoxyoligonucleotides complementary to VEGF mRNA labelled during solid phase synthesis with 2,4-dinitrophenyl. Archival renal biopsies were studied from cases of minimal change nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and controls, matched for age, sex, race, and storage time. Hybrid detection used NBT\/BCIP colorimetric development. RESULTS: More VEGF mRNA positive glomerular cells per unit cross sectional diameter were seen in minimal change nephropathy (mean (SEM), 19.35 (1.5)) compared with controls (12.6 (1.73)), p &lt; 0.01. In contrast, fewer were seen in diabetic nephropathy (5.93 (0.97)) compared with controls (9.97 (1.25)), p &lt; 0.03. Analysis of membranous nephropathy (10 (1.62)) showed no difference from controls (10.98 (1.51)), NS. In addition, in minimal change nephropathy there was a significant correlation between 24 hour protein excretion at the time of biopsy and the number of VEGF mRNA cells per glomerulus (r = 0.08, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Using non-radioisotopic in situ hybridisation, VEGF mRNA is almost exclusively expressed by visceral glomerular epithelial cells. Abnormal numbers of cells are seen in both minimal change and diabetic nephropathy. As VEGF exists in a number of functionally distinct isoforms, further study of qualitative VEGF isoform expression in diagnostic groups is indicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.52.10.735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,31]],"date-time":"2008-12-31T19:05:02Z","timestamp":1230750302000},"page":"735-738","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression in minimal change, membranous, and diabetic nephropathy demonstrated by non-isotopic in situ hybridisation."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Bottomley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Westwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J H","family":"Pringle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P N","family":"Furness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Feehally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P E","family":"Brenchley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S J","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.58","article-title":"Proteinuria\u2014a direct cause of renal morbidity","volume":"45","author":"Williams, J.D.; Coles, G.A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Williams JD, Coles GA. Proteinuria\u2014a direct cause of renal morbidity. Kidney Int 1994;45:443\u201350.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"240","article-title":"Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in human renal ontogenesis and in adult kidney","volume":"268","author":"Simon, E.; Gr\u00f6ne, H.-J.; Johren, O.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Simon E, Gr\u00f6ne H-J, Johren O, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in human renal ontogenesis and in adult kidney. Am J Physiol 1995;268: 240\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1992.441","article-title":"Vascular permeability factor mRNA and protein expression in human kidney","volume":"42","author":"Brown, L.F.; Berse, B.; Tognazzi, K.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brown LF, Berse B, Tognazzi K, et al. Vascular permeability factor mRNA and protein expression in human kidney. Kidney Int 1992;42:1457\u201361.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V961032","article-title":"Receptors of vascular endothelial growth factor\/vascular permeability factor (VEGF\/VPF) in fetal and adult human kidney: localisation and [125I] VEGF binding sites","volume":"9","author":"Simon, M.; R\u00f6ckl, W.; Hornig, C.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Simon M, R\u00f6ckl W, Hornig C, et al. Receptors of vascular endothelial growth factor\/vascular permeability factor (VEGF\/VPF) in fetal and adult human kidney: localisation and [125I] VEGF binding sites. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998;9:1032\u201344.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1774","article-title":"Purification and N-terminal amino acid sequence of guinea-pig tumorsecreted vascular permeability factor","volume":"50","author":"Senger, D.R.; Connelly, D.T.; Van de Water, L.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Senger DR, Connelly DT, Van de Water L, et al. Purification and N-terminal amino acid sequence of guinea-pig tumorsecreted vascular permeability factor. Cancer Res 1990;50: 1774\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108.6.2369","article-title":"Increased microvascular permeability and endothelial fenestration induced by vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"108","author":"Roberts, W.G.; Palade, G.E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Roberts WG, Palade GE. Increased microvascular permeability and endothelial fenestration induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. J Cell Sci 1995;108:2369\u201379.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"761","article-title":"Angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): is it relevant in renal patients","volume":"10","author":"Gr\u00f6ne, H.-J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6ne H-J. Angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): is it relevant in renal patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995:10:761\u20133.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711620305","article-title":"In situ hybridisation of immunoglobulin light chain mRNA in paraYn sections using biotinylated or hapten-labelled oligonucleotide probes","volume":"162","author":"Pringle, J.H.; Ruprai, A.K.; Primrose, L.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pringle JH, Ruprai AK, Primrose L, et al. In situ hybridisation of immunoglobulin light chain mRNA in paraYn sections using biotinylated or hapten-labelled oligonucleotide probes. J Pathol 1990;162:197\u2013207.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.50.8.686","article-title":"A comparative study of digoxigenin, 2,4-dinitrophenyl and alkaline phosphatase as deoxyoligonucleotide labels in non-isotopic in situ hybridisation","volume":"50","author":"Harper, S.J.; Bailey, E.; McKeen, C.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Harper SJ, Bailey E, McKeen C, et al. A comparative study of digoxigenin, 2,4-dinitrophenyl and alkaline phosphatase as deoxyoligonucleotide labels in non-isotopic in situ hybridisation. J Clin Pathol 1997;50:686\u201390.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90453-0","article-title":"Stem cell patterning and fate in human epidermis","volume":"80","author":"Jones, P.H.; Harper, S.J.; Watts, F.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jones PH, Harper SJ, Watts F. Stem cell patterning and fate in human epidermis. Cell 1995;80:83\u201393.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V75661","article-title":"Expression of vascular permeability (VPF\/VEGF) is altered in many glomerular diseases","volume":"7","author":"Shulman, K.; Rosen, S.; Tognazzi, K.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shulman K, Rosen S, Tognazzi K, et al. Expression of vascular permeability (VPF\/VEGF) is altered in many glomerular diseases. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996;7:661\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.18.1.0287","article-title":"The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"18","author":"Ferrara, N.; Davis-Smith, T.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ferrara N, Davis-Smith T. The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor. Endocr Rev 1997;18:4\u201325.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-5-12-1806","article-title":"The vascular endothelial growth factor family: identification of a fourth molecular species and characterization of alternative splicing of RNA","volume":"5","author":"Houck, K.A.; Ferrara, N.; Winer, J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Houck KA, Ferrara N, Winer J, et al. The vascular endothelial growth factor family: identification of a fourth molecular species and characterization of alternative splicing of RNA. Mol Endocrinol 1991;5:1806\u201314.","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7151","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.11.7151","article-title":"VEGF145, a secreted vascular endothelial growth factor isoform that binds to extracellular matrix","volume":"272","author":"Poltorak, Z.; Cohen, T.; Sivan, R.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Poltorak Z, Cohen T, Sivan R, et al. VEGF145, a secreted vascular endothelial growth factor isoform that binds to extracellular matrix. J Biol Chem 1997;272:7151\u20138.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.52.10.735","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T05:31:02Z","timestamp":1764999062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.52.10.735"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.52.10.735"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.52.10.735","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]}}}