{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T19:44:40Z","timestamp":1777319080620,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>AIMS: To determine the association, if any, between H pylori genotype and the gastric mucosal variations in the levels of gastrin, somatostatin, tryptase, and histamine. METHODS: 49 patients affected by duodenal ulcer and 48 by non-ulcer dyspepsia were studied. To identify the H pylori genotype, the presence of the cagA gene and vacA alleles m1, m2, s1, and s2 were analysed by polymerase chain reaction. Gastrin, somatostatin, tryptase, and histamine were measured in antral mucosal biopsies. RESULTS: 57 patients were infected with H pylori (30 with duodenal ulcer and 27 with non-ulcer dyspepsia). Gastrin and tryptase were increased in patients with H pylori infection, although the variations were statistically significant only for gastrin; somatostatin and histamine were not influenced by H pylori infection. In patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia the absence of the cagA gene and the presence of vacA alleles s2 and m2 were associated with higher values of tryptase and to a lesser extent of gastrin. These associations were not found in patients with duodenal ulcer. CONCLUSIONS: The cagA negative s2m2 strain of H pylori may be less dangerous for the gastric mucosa than other H pylori strains since it enhances tryptase production by gastric mucosal mast cells; this enzyme is thought to stimulate tissue turnover and favour wound healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.52.3.210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,31]],"date-time":"2008-12-31T19:05:02Z","timestamp":1230750302000},"page":"210-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Helicobacter pylori non-cytotoxic genotype enhances mucosal gastrin and mast cell tryptase."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Basso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Navaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Brigato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Di Mario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Rugge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Plebani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90113-2","article-title":"Regression of primary gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"345","author":"BayerdorVer, E.; Neubauer, A.; Rudolph, B.","year":"1995","unstructured":"BayerdorVer E, Neubauer A, Rudolph B, et al. Regression of primary gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. Lancet 1995;345:1591\u20134.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91154-5","article-title":"Genetic abnormalities during transition from Helicobacter-pylori-associated gastritis to low-grade MALToma","volume":"345","author":"Calvert, R.; Randerson, J.; Evans, P.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Calvert R, Randerson J, Evans P, et al. Genetic abnormalities during transition from Helicobacter-pylori-associated gastritis to low-grade MALToma. Lancet 1995;345:26\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800840904","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer","volume":"84","author":"McFarlane, G.A.; Munro, A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"McFarlane GA, Munro A. Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer. Br J Surg 1997; 84:1190\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(96)00273-2","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis and peptic ulcer disease","volume":"102","author":"Peek, R.M.; Blaser, M.J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Peek RM, Blaser MJ. Pathophysiology of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Am J Med 1997;102:200\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409091402","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori phenotypes associated with peptic ulceration","volume":"29","author":"Blaser, M.J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori phenotypes associated with peptic ulceration. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994;29(suppl 205):1\u20135.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17771","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.30.17771","article-title":"Mosaicism in vacuolating cytotoxin alleles of Helicobacter pylori. Association of specific vacA types with cytotoxin production and peptic ulceration","volume":"270","author":"Atherton, J.C.; Cao, P.; Peek, R.M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Atherton JC, Cao P, Peek RM, et al. Mosaicism in vacuolating cytotoxin alleles of Helicobacter pylori. Association of specific vacA types with cytotoxin production and peptic ulceration. J Biol Chem 1995;270:17771\u20137.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02612.x","article-title":"The vacuolating cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"20","author":"Cover, T.L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cover TL. The vacuolating cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori. Mol Microbiol 1996;20:241\u20136.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70223-3","article-title":"Clinical and pathological importance of heterogeneity in vacA, the vacuolating cytotoxin gene of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"112","author":"Atherton, J.C.; Peek, R.M.; Tham, K.T.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Atherton JC, Peek RM, Tham KT, et al. Clinical and pathological importance of heterogeneity in vacA, the vacuolating cytotoxin gene of Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology 1997;112:92\u20139.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.6.701","article-title":"The clinical relevance of strain types of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"40","author":"Atherton, J.C.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Atherton JC. The clinical relevance of strain types of Helicobacter pylori. Gut 1997;40:701\u20133.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1157","article-title":"Pathological significance and molecular characterization of the vacuolating toxin gene of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"62","author":"Phadnis, S.H.; Ilver, D.; Janzon, L.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Phadnis SH, Ilver D, Janzon L, et al. Pathological significance and molecular characterization of the vacuolating toxin gene of Helicobacter pylori. Infect Immun 1994;62:1157\u201365.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.1.94-98.1995","article-title":"Analysis of expression of CagA and VacA virulence factors in 43 strains of Helicobacter pylori reveals that clinical isolates can be divided into two major types and that CagA is not necessary for expression of the vacuolating cytotoxin","volume":"63","author":"Xiang, Z.; Censini, S.; Bayeli, P.F.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Xiang Z, Censini S, Bayeli PF, et al. Analysis of expression of CagA and VacA virulence factors in 43 strains of Helicobacter pylori reveals that clinical isolates can be divided into two major types and that CagA is not necessary for expression of the vacuolating cytotoxin. Infect Immun 1995;63:94\u20138.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"5791","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the 128-kDa immunodominant antigen of Helicobacter pylori associated with cytotoxicity","volume-title":"and duodenal ulcer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","volume":"90","author":"Covacci, A.; Censini, S.; Bugnoli, M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Covacci A, Censini S, Bugnoli M, et al. Molecular characterization of the 128-kDa immunodominant antigen of Helicobacter pylori associated with cytotoxicity and duodenal ulcer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:5791\u20135."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"14648","article-title":"A pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori, encodes type I-specific and","volume-title":"disease-associated virulence factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci","volume":"93","author":"Censini, S.; Lange, C.; Xiang, Z.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Censini S, Lange C, Xiang Z, et al. cag, A pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori, encodes type I-specific and disease-associated virulence factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:14648\u201353."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90654-4","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori-associated exaggerated gastrin release in duodenal ulcer patients","volume":"100","author":"Graham, D.Y.; Opekun, A.; Lew, G.M.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Graham DY, Opekun A, Lew GM, et al. Helicobacter pylori-associated exaggerated gastrin release in duodenal ulcer patients. Gastroenterology 1991;100:1571\u20135.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92816-X","article-title":"EVect of Helicobacter pylori on gastric on gastrin somatostatin in duodenal ulcer disease","volume":"340","author":"Moss, S.F.; Legon, S.; Bishop, A.E.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Moss SF, Legon S, Bishop AE, et al. EVect of Helicobacter pylori on gastric on gastrin somatostatin in duodenal ulcer disease. Lancet 1992;340:930\u20132.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90642-P","article-title":"Antral G-cell and D-cell numbers in Helicobacter pylori infection: eVect of H. pylori eradication","volume":"104","author":"Graham, D.Y.; Lew, G.M.; Lechago, J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Graham DY, Lew GM, Lechago J. Antral G-cell and D-cell numbers in Helicobacter pylori infection: eVect of H. pylori eradication. Gastroenterology 1993;104:1655\u201360.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529509089788","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with low antral somatostatin content in young adults","volume":"30","author":"Haruma, K.; Sumii, K.; Okamoto, S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Haruma K, Sumii K, Okamoto S, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with low antral somatostatin content in young adults. Scand J Gastroenterol 1995;30:550\u20133.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"954","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori serology in patients with chronic gastritis","volume":"91","author":"Plebani, M.; Basso, D.; Cassaro, M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Plebani M, Basso D, Cassaro M, et al. Helicobacter pylori serology in patients with chronic gastritis. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:954\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.51.1.55","article-title":"Clinical and histological associations of cagA and vacA genotypes in Helicobacter pylori gastritis","volume":"51","author":"Warburton, V.J.; Everett, S.; Mapstone, N.P.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Warburton VJ, Everett S, Mapstone NP, et al. Clinical and histological associations of cagA and vacA genotypes in Helicobacter pylori gastritis. J Clin Pathol 1998;51:55\u201361.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.47.10.945","article-title":"CagA\/ cytotoxic strains of Helicobacter pylori and interleukin-8 in gastric epithelial cell lines","volume":"47","author":"Crabtree, J.E.; Farmery, S.M.; Lindley, I.J.D.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Crabtree JE, Farmery SM, Lindley IJD, et al. CagA\/ cytotoxic strains of Helicobacter pylori and interleukin-8 in gastric epithelial cell lines. J Clin Pathol 1994;47:945\u201350.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"883","article-title":"Enhanced mucosal interleukin-6 and -8 in Helicobacter pylori-positive dyspeptic patients","volume":"89","author":"Gionchetti, P.; Vaira, D.; Campieri, M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gionchetti P, Vaira D, Campieri M, et al. Enhanced mucosal interleukin-6 and -8 in Helicobacter pylori-positive dyspeptic patients. Am J Gastroenterol 1994;89:883\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.11.1567","article-title":"Cytokine gene expression in Helicobacter pylori associated antral gastritis","volume":"35","author":"Moss, S.F.; Legon, S.; Davies, J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Moss SF, Legon S, Davies J, et al. Cytokine gene expression in Helicobacter pylori associated antral gastritis. Gut 1994; 35:1567\u201370.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"65","article-title":"by human gastric epithelium after Helicobacter pylori","volume-title":"Expression of interleukin 8 and","volume":"54","author":"Crowe, S.E.; Alvarez, L.; Dytoc, M.","unstructured":"Crowe SE, Alvarez L, Dytoc M, et al. Expression of interleukin 8 and CD54 by human gastric epithelium after Helicobacter pylori infection in vitro. Gastroenterology 1995;108:65\u201374."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02592984","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection enhances mucosal interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and the soluble receptor of interleukin-2","volume":"26","author":"Basso, D.; Scrigner, M.; Toma, A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Basso D, Scrigner M, Toma A, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection enhances mucosal interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and the soluble receptor of interleukin-2. Int J Clin Lab Res 1996;26:207\u201310.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Lab Res"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3501","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.9.3501-3508.1997","article-title":"Mast cells in infection and immunity","volume":"65","author":"Abraham, S.N.; Malaviya, R.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Abraham SN, Malaviya R. Mast cells in infection and immunity. Infect Immun 1997;65:3501\u20138.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01295925","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori potentiates histamine release from serosal rat mast cells in vitro","volume":"38","author":"Bechi, P.; Dei, R.; Di Bello, M.G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bechi P, Dei R, Di Bello MG, et al. Helicobacter pylori potentiates histamine release from serosal rat mast cells in vitro. Dig Dis Sci 1993;38:944\u20139.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90062-0","article-title":"Helicobacter pyloriinduced microvascular protein leakage in rats: role of neutrophils, mast cells, and platelets","volume":"107","author":"Kurose, I.; Granger, D.N.; Evans, D.J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kurose I, Granger DN, Evans DJ, et al. Helicobacter pyloriinduced microvascular protein leakage in rats: role of neutrophils, mast cells, and platelets. Gastroenterology 1994; 107:70\u20139.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70167-7","article-title":"Mast cell involvement in gastritis with or without Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"113","author":"Nakajima, S.; Krishnan, B.; Ota, H.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nakajima S, Krishnan B, Ota H, et al. Mast cell involvement in gastritis with or without Helicobacter pylori infection. Gastroenterology 1997;113:746\u201354.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/36.4.682","article-title":"Measurement of pepsinogen group I in endoscopic gastroduodenal biopsies","volume":"36","author":"Plebani, M.; Di Mario, F.; Dal Santo, P.G.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Plebani M, Di Mario F, Dal Santo PG, et al. Measurement of pepsinogen group I in endoscopic gastroduodenal biopsies. Clin Chem 1990;36:682\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199610000-00001","article-title":"Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney system","volume":"20","author":"Dixon, M.F.; Genta, R.M.; Yardley, J.H.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dixon MF, Genta RM, Yardley JH, et al. Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney system. Am J Surg Pathol 1996;20:1161\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.1996.tb00031.x","article-title":"Gastric juice polymerase chain reaction: an alternative to histology in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"1","author":"Basso, D.; Navaglia, F.; Cassaro, M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Basso D, Navaglia F, Cassaro M, et al. Gastric juice polymerase chain reaction: an alternative to histology in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 1996;1:159\u201364.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford, M.M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976;72: 248\u201354.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02576361","article-title":"Are tryptase and cathepsin D related to Helicobacter pylori infection and mucosal gastrin in peptic ulcer?","author":"Plebani, M.; Basso, D.; Busatto, G.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Plebani M, Basso D, Busatto G, et al. Are tryptase and cathepsin D related to Helicobacter pylori infection and mucosal gastrin in peptic ulcer? Res Exp Med 1994;194:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Res Exp Med"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02209008","article-title":"Gastric mucosal histamine storing cells. Evidence for diVerent roles of mast cells and enterochromaYn-like cells in humans","volume":"40","author":"Bechi, P.; Romagnoli, P.; Panula, P.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bechi P, Romagnoli P, Panula P, et al. Gastric mucosal histamine storing cells. Evidence for diVerent roles of mast cells and enterochromaYn-like cells in humans. Dig Dis Sci 1995;40:2207\u201313.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02576807","article-title":"Gastrin stimulates gastric mast cells in rabbits","author":"Plebani, M.; Basso, D.; Busatto, G.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Plebani M, Basso D, Busatto G, et al. Gastrin stimulates gastric mast cells in rabbits. Res Exp Med 1995;195:365\u201371.","journal-title":"Res Exp Med"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70632-8","article-title":"The acid response to gastrin distinguishes duodenal ulcer patients from Helicobacter pylori-infected healthy subjects","volume":"114","author":"Gillen, D.; El-Omar, E.M.; Wirz, A.A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gillen D, El-Omar EM, Wirz AA, et al. The acid response to gastrin distinguishes duodenal ulcer patients from Helicobacter pylori-infected healthy subjects. Gastroenterology 1998;114:50\u20137.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.1.275","article-title":"Mast cell tryptase is a mitogen for epithelial cells. Stimulation of IL-8 production and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression","volume":"156","author":"Cairns, J.A.; Walls, A.F.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cairns JA, Walls AF. Mast cell tryptase is a mitogen for epithelial cells. Stimulation of IL-8 production and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. J Immunol 1996;156: 275\u201383.","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.52.3.210","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T12:28:54Z","timestamp":1758803334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.52.3.210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.52.3.210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.52.3.210","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]}}}