{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T09:48:53Z","timestamp":1756460933074},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-transferases (GST) may prevent carcinogenesis through inactivation of reactive electrophiles by conjugation to reduced glutathione. Treatment directed at the induction or preservation of GST-pi expression in normal epithelium could have a profound impact on the prevention of prostate neoplasia. Finasteride, a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor, is used as a chemopreventive agent because it blocks the conversion of testosterone to its byproduct which promotes prostate tumour growth. OBJECTIVE: To investigate GST-pi expression immunohistochemically in benign prostate tissue from untreated patients and from patients chronically treated with finasteride. MATERIALS: Immunostaining with anti-GST-pi antibody was performed on 10 (cysto-) prostatectomy, eight simple prostatectomy, and three transurethral prostatectomy specimens. The first set of 10 prostates was from untreated patients operated on for bladder cancer. The other cases were from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronically treated with finasteride. None of the specimens in either group showed prostatic cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, urothelial carcinoma, or chronic prostatitis. Specimens were evaluated for the presence, intensity, and distribution of immunostaining. RESULTS: Diffuse cytoplasmic immunostaining was observed in the basal cell layer of the untreated specimens. Some variability in the expression of GST-pi was seen within each zone and also between the prostate zones. Only a minority of the secretory cells was stained weakly, mainly in the subnuclear region of the cells facing an uninterrupted basal cell layer. Staining was more homogeneously diffuse in the cytoplasm of the luminal cells facing the basement membrane directly. In the benign epithelium of the finasteride treated specimens the circumferential staining of the basal cells appeared to be more continuous than in the untreated cases, the gaps in the stained basal cell layer being fewer, shorter, or even absent in some ducts and acini. There was no variability in the intensity of staining of the basal cell layer, all the cells being intensely stained in a uniform way. The intensity of staining of the secretory cells was not influenced by finasteride treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Following chronic treatment with finasteride the immunohistochemical expression of pi class glutathione S-transferase in the benign prostate ducts and acini is upregulated in relation to an expanded basal cell layer. This could indicate that finasteride acts as a GST-pi inducer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.52.5.350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:05:02Z","timestamp":1230768302000},"page":"350-354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Immunohistochemical expression of pi class glutathione S-transferase in the basal cell layer of benign prostate tissue following chronic treatment with finasteride."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Montironi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Mazzucchelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Pomante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Duval da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Vaught","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P H","family":"Bartels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910315)67:6<1608::AID-CNCR2820670623>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Immunohistologic localization of alpha, mu, and pi class glutathione S-transferases in human tissues","volume":"67","author":"Campbell, J.A.H.; Corrigall, A.V.; Guy, A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Campbell JAH, Corrigall AV, Guy A, et al. Immunohistologic localization of alpha, mu, and pi class glutathione S-transferases in human tissues. Cancer 1991;67:1608\u201313.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(95)02157-4","article-title":"Glutathione and glutathione S-transferase in benign and malignant prostate cell lines and prostate tissue","volume":"51","author":"Canada, A.T.; Roberson, K.M.; Vessella, R.L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Canada AT, Roberson KM, Vessella RL, et al. Glutathione and glutathione S-transferase in benign and malignant prostate cell lines and prostate tissue. Biochem Pharmacol 1996;51:87\u201390.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2710481","article-title":"Glutathione transferase isoenzymes from human prostate","volume":"271","author":"C, Di Ilio; A, Aceto; T, Bucciarelli","year":"1990","unstructured":"Di Ilio C, Aceto A, Bucciarelli T, et al. Glutathione transferase isoenzymes from human prostate. Biochem J 1990;271:481\u20135.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1422","article-title":"Expression of anionic glutathione-S-transferase and p-glycoprotein genes in human tissue and tumors","volume":"49","author":"Moscow, J.A.; Fairchild, C.R.; Madden, M.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Moscow JA, Fairchild CR, Madden MJ, et al. Expression of anionic glutathione-S-transferase and p-glycoprotein genes in human tissue and tumors. Cancer Res 1989;49:1422\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"845","article-title":"An immunohistochemical study of pi class glutathione S-transferase expression in normal human tissue","volume":"137","author":"Terrier, P.; Townsend, A.J.; Coindre, J.M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Terrier P, Townsend AJ, Coindre JM, et al. An immunohistochemical study of pi class glutathione S-transferase expression in normal human tissue. Am J Pathol 1990;137: 845\u201353.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711770208","article-title":"The immunohistochemical localization of drug-metabolizing enzymes in prostate cancer","volume":"177","author":"Murray, G.I.; Taylor, V.E.; McKey, J.A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Murray GI, Taylor VE, McKey JA, et al. The immunohistochemical localization of drug-metabolizing enzymes in prostate cancer. J Pathol 1995;177:147\u201352.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35448-4","article-title":"Characteristics of the glutathione\/glutathione-S-transferase detoxification system in melphalan resistant human prostate cancer cells","volume":"150","author":"Ripple, M.; Mulcahy, R.T.; Wilding, G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ripple M, Mulcahy RT, Wilding G. Characteristics of the glutathione\/glutathione-S-transferase detoxification system in melphalan resistant human prostate cancer cells. J Urol 1993;150:209\u201314.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(92)90540-I","article-title":"Expression of glutathione-S-transferasein human tumours","volume":"28","author":"ToVoli, G.; Viel, A.; Tumiotto, L.","year":"1992","unstructured":"ToVoli G, Viel A, Tumiotto L, et al. Expression of glutathione-S-transferasein human tumours. Eur J Cancer 1992;28:1441\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2820305","article-title":"Nomenclature for human glutathione transferases","volume":"282","author":"Mannervik, B.; Awasthi, Y.C.; Board, P.G.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mannervik B, Awasthi YC, Board PG, et al. Nomenclature for human glutathione transferases. Biochem J 1992;282: 305\u20138.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711660105","article-title":"Immunohistochemical demonstration of glutathione S-transferases in primary human breast carcinomas","volume":"166","author":"Cairns, J.; Wright, C.; Cattan, A.R.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cairns J, Wright C, Cattan AR, et al. Immunohistochemical demonstration of glutathione S-transferases in primary human breast carcinomas. J Pathol 1992;166:19\u201325.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1993.321","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferase expression in benign and malignant ovarian tumours","volume":"68","author":"Green, J.A.; Robertson, L.J.; Clark, A.H.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Green JA, Robertson LJ, Clark AH. Glutathione S-transferase expression in benign and malignant ovarian tumours. Br J Cancer 1993;68:235\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19921115)70:10<2381::AID-CNCR2820701002>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Significance of glutathione S-transferaseas a tumor marker in patients with oral cancer","volume":"70","author":"Hirata, S.; Odajima, T.; Kohama, G.I.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hirata S, Odajima T, Kohama GI, et al. Significance of glutathione S-transferaseas a tumor marker in patients with oral cancer. Cancer 1992;70:2381\u20137.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19890115)63:2<317::AID-CNCR2820630219>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Serum glutathione-Stransferaseas a tumor marker for gastrointestinal malignancies","volume":"63","author":"Niitsu, Y.; Takahashi, Y.; Saito, T.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Niitsu Y, Takahashi Y, Saito T, et al. Serum glutathione-Stransferaseas a tumor marker for gastrointestinal malignancies. Cancer 1989;63:317\u201323.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980301)82:5<936::AID-CNCR20>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 and cytochrome P4501A1 polymorphisms in relation to the risk for benign and malignant head and neck lesions","volume":"82","author":"MB, Oude Ophuis; EMM, Van Lieshout; HMJ, Roelofs","year":"1998","unstructured":"Oude Ophuis MB, Van Lieshout EMM, Roelofs HMJ, et al. Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 and cytochrome P4501A1 polymorphisms in relation to the risk for benign and malignant head and neck lesions. Cancer 1998;82:936\u2013 43.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1990.340","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferase (placental) as a marker of transformation in the human cervix uteri: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"62","author":"Randall, B.J.; Angus, B.; Akiba, R.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Randall BJ, Angus B, Akiba R, et al. Glutathione S-transferase (placental) as a marker of transformation in the human cervix uteri: an immunohistochemical study. Br J Cancer 1990;62:614\u201318.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"6806","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of the placental form of glutathione S-transferase in dysplastic and neoplastic human uterine cervix lesions","volume":"47","author":"Shiratori, Y.; Soma, Y.; Maruyama, H.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Shiratori Y, Soma Y, Maruyama H, et al. Immunohistochemical detection of the placental form of glutathione S-transferase in dysplastic and neoplastic human uterine cervix lesions. Cancer Res 1987;47:6806\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(87)90177-2","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferase in human prostate","volume":"926","author":"Tew, K.D.; Clapper, M.L.; Greenberg, R.E.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Tew KD, Clapper ML, Greenberg RE, et al. Glutathione S-transferase in human prostate. Biochim Biophys Acta 1987;926:8\u201315.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1993.tb16259.x","article-title":"Glutathione-Stransferase expression in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder","volume":"72","author":"Thomas, D.J.; Birch, P.J.; Vickers, J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Thomas DJ, Birch PJ, Vickers J, et al. Glutathione-Stransferase expression in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Br J Urol 1993;72:740\u20133.","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"11733","article-title":"Cytidine methylation of regulatory sequences near the -class glutathione S-transferase gene accompanies","volume-title":"human prostatic carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","volume":"91","author":"Lee, W.H.; Morton, R.A.; Epstein, J.I.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lee WH, Morton RA, Epstein JI, et al. Cytidine methylation of regulatory sequences near the -class glutathione S-transferase gene accompanies human prostatic carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:11733\u20137."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65248-0","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-) class expression by immunohistochemistry in benign and malignant prostate tissue","volume":"157","author":"Cookson, M.S.; Reuter, V.E.; Linkov, I.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cookson MS, Reuter VE, Linkov I, et al. Glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-) class expression by immunohistochemistry in benign and malignant prostate tissue. J Urol 1997;157:673\u20136.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0045(1996)6+<82::AID-PROS16>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"5 -Reductase inhibitors\/finasteride","volume":"6","author":"Stoner, E.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stoner E. 5 -Reductase inhibitors\/finasteride. Prostate 1996; 6(suppl):82\u20137.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"ref_22","article-title":"Biopsy of the prostate","author":"Bostwick, D.G.; Dundore, P.A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bostwick DG, Dundore PA. Biopsy of the prostate. London: Chapman and Hall, 1997."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"51","article-title":"Thompson IM. Chemoprevention of prostate cancer and the prostate cancer prevention trial. In: Schroeder FH. Recent advances in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia","author":"Brawley, O.W.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brawley OW, Thompson IM. Chemoprevention of prostate cancer and the prostate cancer prevention trial. In: Schroeder FH. Recent advances in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. New York: Parthenon, 1997: 51\u20139."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0045(19970901)32:4<229::AID-PROS1>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Expression of antioxidant enzymes in human prostatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Baker, A.M.; Oberley, L.W.; Cohen, M.B.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Baker AM, Oberley LW, Cohen MB. Expression of antioxidant enzymes in human prostatic adenocarcinoma. Prostate 1997;32:229\u201333.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19970415)79:8<1595::AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression of -class glutathione S-transferase is down-regulated in adenocarcinoma of the prostate","volume":"79","author":"Moskaluk, C.A.; Duray, P.H.; Cowan, K.H.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Moskaluk CA, Duray PH, Cowan KH, et al. Immunohistochemical expression of -class glutathione S-transferase is down-regulated in adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Cancer 1997;79:1595\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"123","article-title":"Morphologic changes in benign prostatic hyperplasia following chronic treatment with a 5--reductase inhibitor finasteride. Comparison with combination endocrine therapy","volume":"4","author":"Montironi, R.; Diamanti, L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Montironi R, Diamanti L. Morphologic changes in benign prostatic hyperplasia following chronic treatment with a 5--reductase inhibitor finasteride. Comparison with combination endocrine therapy. J Urol Pathol 1996;4:123\u201335.","journal-title":"J Urol Pathol"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.49.4.324","article-title":"Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with a 5--reductase inhibitor (finasteride). Morphological evaluation in patients who failed to respond","volume":"49","author":"Montironi, R.; Valli, M.; Fabris, G.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Montironi R, Valli M, Fabris G. Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with a 5--reductase inhibitor (finasteride). Morphological evaluation in patients who failed to respond. J Clin Pathol 1996;49:324\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.52.5.350","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:05:57Z","timestamp":1717200357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.52.5.350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.52.5.350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.52.5.350","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]}}}