{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T07:07:03Z","timestamp":1765004823483,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014There have been conflicting reports concerning the use of cardia biopsies in screening patients for gastro-oesophageal disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Aim<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014To define the histopathological changes in the gastric cardia of patients with and without gastro-oesophageal disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Topographically mapped gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with gastro-oesophageal disease and from controls. Biopsies were scored on a visual analogue scale of 0 to 5 for\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    , intestinal metaplasia, pancreatic metaplasia, foveolar hyperplasia, and active inflammation. The presence or absence of cardiac glands was recorded.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Sixty five patients with gastro-oesophageal disease and 71 controls were examined. Intestinal metaplasia was present in cardia biopsies of 10 patients with gastro-oesophageal disease and 11 controls. Only two patients with gastro-oesophageal disease and intestinal metaplasia in the cardia had no evidence of exposure to\n                    <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Intestinal metaplasia was not found in the cardia of those with long segment Barrett's oesophagus. Carditis was strongly associated with active\n                    <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection (p = 0.000) and resolved after treatment of the infection. A negative association was present between gastro-oesophageal disease and the presence of cardiac glands in cardiac biopsies (p = 0.003). Pancreatic metaplasia was found in 15 of 65 and foveolar hyperplasia in 19 of 65 cases but neither was related to gastro-oesophageal disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Intestinal metaplasia in the cardia is uncommon in gastro-oesophageal disease in the absence of\n                    <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. With chronic\n                    <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection the junction between the cardia and corpus expands in a cardia\u2013corpal direction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.53.8.619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:37:59Z","timestamp":1027751879000},"page":"619-625","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The gastric cardia in gastro-oesophageal disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Hala M T","family":"El-Zimaity","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vino J","family":"Verghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Ramchatesingh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David 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