{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:01:53Z","timestamp":1789977713218,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n To evaluate the association between\n Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n , and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n A case-control methodology was used. Swab eluates were processed using the QIAamp DNA mini kit. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for\n M genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n was carried out using a real time in-house 16S based assay. An endocervical swab was taken and tested for the presence of\n C trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n (ligase chain reaction, Abbott Laboratories), and a high vaginal swab was taken and tested for the presence of\n Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n and bacterial vaginosis.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n Of the PID cases 13% (6\/45) had evidence of\n M genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n infection compared to none of the controls (0\/37); 27% (12\/45) of the cases had\n C trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n infection compared to none of the controls; and 16% (7\/45) of cases only had serological evidence of\n C trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n infection compared to 5% (2\/37) of controls. Cases were more likely to present with\n M genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n and\/or\n C trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n than controls (p<0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n This study indicates that there may be an association between\n M genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n and PID, and that this relation is largely independent of\n C trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n . Future studies need to investigate the pathological basis of the relation between\n M genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n and PID using samples from women with PID diagnosed using laparoscopy and endometrial biopsy. Little is known about the epidemiology of\n M genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n : large scale epidemiological investigations are needed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with this emerging infection.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.56.8.616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,30]],"date-time":"2003-07-30T14:47:41Z","timestamp":1059576461000},"page":"616-618","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Associations between\n Mycoplasma genitalium<\/i>\n ,\n Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>\n and pelvic inflammatory disease: \n Table 1"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"I","family":"Simms","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Eastick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Mallinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Gokhale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Herring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P A","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121401310464000_56.8.616.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.2.154"},{"key":"2025121401310464000_56.8.616.2","first-page":"1102","volume":"1","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025121401310464000_56.8.616.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.1.46-50.1991","volume":"29","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025121401310464000_56.8.616.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1097(91)90551-K"},{"key":"2025121401310464000_56.8.616.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07848-0"},{"key":"2025121401310464000_56.8.616.6","first-page":"18","volume":"13","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2025121401310464000_56.8.616.7","first-page":"113","volume":"61","year":"1983","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025121401310464000_56.8.616.8","unstructured":"Eastick K, Leeming JP, Caul EO, et al. A novel polymerase chain reaction assay to detect Mycoplasma genitalium. J Clin Pathol (in press)."},{"key":"2025121401310464000_56.8.616.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01690742"},{"key":"2025121401310464000_56.8.616.10","first-page":"265","volume":"69","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"2025121401310464000_56.8.616.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317942"},{"key":"2025121401310464000_56.8.616.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.77.4.229"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.56.8.616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T09:31:16Z","timestamp":1765704676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jcp.56.8.616"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,30]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jcp.56.8.616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.56.8.616","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9746","1472-4146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9746","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-4146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,30]]}}}