{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T03:00:57Z","timestamp":1783134057704,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["266844"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["266844"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["273433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["273433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While poor self-rated health is known to decrease an individual's propensity to vote, disaggregation of the components of health on turnout has thus far received only little attention. This study deepens on the understanding of such relationships by examining the association between chronic diseases and voting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study uses an individual-level register-based data set that contains an 11% random sample of the entire electorate in the 1999 Finnish parliamentary elections. With information on hospital discharge diagnoses and reimbursements for drugs prescribed, we identify persons with chronic hospital-treated diseases (coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, depression, cancer, psychotic mental disease, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic disease, epilepsy, arthrosis, alcoholism, dementia, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, other degenerative brain diseases, multiple sclerosis and kidney disease).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After adjusting for gender, age, education, occupational class, income, partnership status, cohabitation with underaged children and hospitalisation during Election Day, neurodegenerative brain diseases had the strongest negative relationship with voting (dementia OR=0.20, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.22; others up to OR=0.70). Alcoholism (OR=0.66) and mental disorders also had a negative association (depression OR=0.91; psychotic mental disease OR=0.79), whereas cancer and COPD\/asthma had a positive association (both OR=1.05). Having more than one condition at a time further decreased voting probability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>By showing how different health conditions are related to voter turnout, this study provides essential information for identifying gaps in the potential for political participation and for further inquiries aiming to develop models that explain the link between health and voting probability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2016-208314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,13]],"date-time":"2016-12-13T21:15:19Z","timestamp":1481663719000},"page":"475-479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["How voter turnout varies between different chronic conditions? A population-based register study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Reijo","family":"Sund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0910-823X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannu","family":"Lahtinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Wass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Political and Economic Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Mattila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Political and Economic Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Martikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"The Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verba S , Schlozman KL , Brady H . Voice and equality: civic voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv1pnc1k7"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08101.x"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schur L , Kruse D , Blanck P . People with disabilities: sidelined or mainstreamed? Cambridge: University Press, 2013.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511843693"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.4","first-page":"56","article-title":"Analysing the relationship between voter turnout and health in Ireland","volume":"100","author":"Denny","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.5","unstructured":"Young IM . Inclusion and democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002."},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckm002"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/03616878-3424450"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electstud.2013.07.010","article-title":"Healthy voting: the effect of self-reported health on turnout in 30 countries","volume":"32","author":"Mattila","year":"2013","journal-title":"Elect Stud"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1065912914563548"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1017\/pls.2015.3","article-title":"In sickness and in health","volume":"34","author":"S\u00f6derlund","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polit Life Sci"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2508.2005.00341.x"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007123400005627"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14034940600607616"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jssam\/smv039"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1111\/ssqu.12173","article-title":"Depression and political participation","volume":"96","author":"Ojeda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Sci Q"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6765.2005.00242.x"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6765.2000.tb01143.x","article-title":"Finland","volume":"38","author":"Sundberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Polit Res"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2011.586364"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2012.00602.x"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burden BC , Fletcher JM , Herd P , et al . How different forms of health matter to political participation. J Polit Epub ahead of print: 5 Dec 2016. doi:10.1086\/687536 doi:10.1086\/687536","DOI":"10.1086\/687536"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941041","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/941041","article-title":"Capacity to vote in persons with dementia and the elderly","volume":"2011","author":"Irastorza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106591290205500107"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.23","first-page":"571","article-title":"What determines voter turnout? Lessons from citizens with disabilities","volume":"81","author":"Schur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soc Sci Q"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.polisci.11.053006.190912"},{"key":"2025100304454489000_71.5.475.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sund R , Gissler M , Hakulinen T , et al . Use of health registers. In: Wolfgang A , Iris P , eds. Handbook of epidemiology. 2nd edn. New York: Springer, 2014:707\u201330.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09834-0_5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech-2016-208314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T11:45:55Z","timestamp":1759491955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech-2016-208314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,13]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech-2016-208314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2016-208314","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-2738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,13]]}}}