{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:38:25Z","timestamp":1787017105774,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005390","name":"Alfred \u00d6sterlunds Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005390","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"the Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006075","name":"Greta och Johan Kocks stiftelser","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003173","name":"Crafoordska Stiftelsen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003173","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Falls are the leading cause of fatal injuries among elderly adults. While socioeconomic status including education is a well-documented predictor of many individual health outcomes including mortality, little is known about socioeconomic inequalities in falls mortality among adults. This study aimed to assess educational inequalities in falls mortality among older adults in Sweden using multiple cause of death data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All residents aged 50\u201275 years in the Sk\u00e5ne region, Sweden, during 1998\u20122013 (n=566\u2009478) were followed until death, relocation outside Sk\u00e5ne or end of 2014. We identified any mention of falls on death certificates (n=1047). We defined three levels of education. We used an additive hazards model and Cox regression with age as time scale adjusted for marital status and country of birth to calculate slope and relative indices of inequality (SII\/RII). We also computed the population attributable fraction of lower educational attainment. Analyses were performed separately for men and women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both SII and RII revealed statistically significant educational inequalities in falls mortality among men in favour of high educated (SII (95%\u2009CI): 15.5 (9.8 to 21.3) per 100\u2009000 person-years; RII: 2.19 (1.60 to 3.00)) but not among women. Among men, 34% (95% CI 19 to 46) of falls deaths were attributable to lower education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was an inverse association between education and deaths from falls among men but not women. The results suggest that individual\u2019s education should be considered in falls reduction interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2017-209616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]],"date-time":"2017-12-14T09:47:04Z","timestamp":1513244824000},"page":"68-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Educational inequalities in falls mortality among older adults: population-based multiple cause of death data from Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4254-9099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliasghar","family":"Ahmad Kiadaliri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Turkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Englund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl084"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0707519"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.09.003"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.04.013"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153516","article-title":"County poverty concentration and disparities in unintentional injury deaths: a fourteen-year analysis of 1.6 million U.S. fatalities","volume":"11","author":"Karb","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2013.09.004"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.11.010"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.8.4.297"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.9","unstructured":"Sethi D , Racioppi F , Baumgarten IPV . Injuries and violence in Europe: why they matter and what can be done. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2006."},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2011-040039"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.067553"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000311","article-title":"Relative index of inequality and slope index of inequality: a structured regression framework for estimation","volume":"26","author":"Moreno-Betancur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009034"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1301300402","article-title":"Attributable and unattributable risks and fractions and other scenario comparisons","volume":"13","author":"Newson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.15","unstructured":"Laflamme L , Burrows S , Hasselberg M . Socioeconomic diferences in injury risks. A review of findings and a discussion of potential countermeasures. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2009."},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-340","article-title":"Socio-economic status and overall and cause-specific mortality in Sweden","volume":"8","author":"Weires","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erickson J , El-Gabalawy R , Palitsky D , et al . Educational attainment as a protective factor for PSYCHIATRIC disorders: Findings from a nationally representative longitudinal study. Depress Anxiety 2016:1013\u201322.doi:10.1002\/da.22515","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22515"},{"key":"2025100520481382000_72.1.68.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.098202"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech-2017-209616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T03:48:24Z","timestamp":1759722504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech-2017-209616"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech-2017-209616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2017-209616","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-2738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]]}}}