{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:23:13Z","timestamp":1790691793514,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"name":"ISCIII Network on Addictive Disorders"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The magnitude of intimate partner violence (IPV) in young women is a source of increasing concern. The prevalence of IPV has not been analysed in Europe as a whole. The objective was to assess the prevalence and main characteristics of experiencing physical and\/or sexual and psychological-only IPV among young women in the European Union and to identify individual and contextual associated risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed a cross-sectional subsample of 5976 ever-partnered women aged 18\u201329 years from the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights Violence Against Women Survey, 2012. The main outcomes were current physical and\/or sexual IPV and lifetime psychological-only IPV. Risk factors were assessed by the prevalence ratio (PR) from multilevel Poisson regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current prevalence of physical and\/or sexual IPV was 6.1%, lifetime prevalence of psychological-only IPV was 28.7%. Having suffered physical and\/or sexual abuse by an adult before age 15 was the strongest risk factor for IPV (PR: 2.9 for physical and\/or sexual IPV, PR: 1.5 for psychological-only IPV). Other individual risk factors were: perceived major difficulties in living within their household income (PR: 2.6), having children (PR: 1.8) and age 18\u201324 years (PR: 1.5) for physical\/sexual IPV and immigration background for psychological-only IPV (PR: 1.4). Living in countries with a higher prevalence of binge drinking or early school dropout was positively associated with IPV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings show that the fight against violence in young women should consider individual characteristics, childhood experiences of abuse and also structural interventions including reduction of alcohol consumption and improvement in the education-related indicators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2017-209701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T12:15:20Z","timestamp":1520511320000},"page":"611-616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Intimate partner violence against young women: prevalence and associated factors in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Sanz-Barbero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National School of Public Health, Institute of Health \"Carlos III\", Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"L\u00f3pez Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregorio","family":"Barrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National School of Public Health, Institute of Health \"Carlos III\", Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Vives-Cases","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Public Health Research Group, Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, History of Science Alicante University, Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-751"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-821"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.9.875"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.04.014"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2004.06.005"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.06.016"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.3577","article-title":"Teen dating violence (physical and sexual) among US high school students: findings from the 2013 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey","volume":"169","author":"Vagi","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.11.004"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801298004003002","article-title":"Violence against women: an integrated, ecological framework","volume":"4","author":"Heise","year":"1998","journal-title":"Violence Against Wom"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2012.3.11788","article-title":"Trajectories of intimate partner violence victimization","volume":"13","author":"Swartout","year":"2012","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838006297029"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-014-9633-7"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.05.017","article-title":"A first look at gender inequality as a societal risk factor for dating violence","volume":"49","author":"Gressard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.01.002"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2006.11.137"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2010.01.002"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.17","unstructured":"European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights: Violence Against Women Survey, 2012: Special Licence Access. [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 7730. http:\/\/doi.org\/ (retrieved 07 Jul 2017)."},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20196"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-013-9907-7"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv048"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.21","unstructured":"Snijders TAB , Bosker RJ . Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. 2nd edition. London: Sage Publications, Ltd, 2012."},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2007.00803.x"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838013515758"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-016-0069-4","article-title":"Associations of financial stressors and physical intimate partner violence perpetration","volume":"3","author":"Schwab-Reese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2005.07.003"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.11.004"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-4993(02)00101-3"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021941816102"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9877-1"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv016"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.11.033"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1353\/foc.0.0018","article-title":"Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders","volume":"18","author":"Greenwood","year":"2008","journal-title":"Future Child"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.040","article-title":"Intimate partner violence against women and the Nordic paradox","volume":"157","author":"Gracia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.34","unstructured":"World Economic Forum. Global Gender Gap Index 2015. http:\/\/reports.weforum.org\/global-gender-gap-report-2015\/the-global-gender-gap-index-2015\/"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.35","unstructured":"European Institute for Gender Equality. Gender Equality Index 2015 \u2212 Measuring gender equality in the European Union 2005-2012.SBN:978-92-9218-814-610.2839\/763764 http:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/mh0215616enn.pdf (retrieved 07 Jul 2017)."},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.36","unstructured":"Ruuskanen M . The \u201cgood battered woman\u201d: A silenced defendant. In: Nousiainen K , Gunnarsson \u00c5 , Lundstr\u00f6m K , Niemi-Kiesil\u00e4inen J , eds. Responsible selves: Women in the Nordic legal culture. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2001:1\u201322."},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Connell RW , Messerschmidt JW . Hegemonic masculinity. Rethinking the concept. Gender & society. 2005;19:829\u201359.","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243205278639"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.38","unstructured":"European Commission. Eurostat. Online database. Youth unemployment ratio by sex and age. http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/products-datasets\/-\/yth_empl_140 (retrieved 07 Jul 2017)."},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2322-0","article-title":"No effect of unemployment on intimate partner-related femicide during the financial crisis: a longitudinal ecological study in Spain","volume":"15","author":"Torrubiano-Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025100308011072000_72.7.611.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366-86","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016658878","article-title":"Maltreatment in infancy: a developmental perspective on prevention and intervention","volume":"17","author":"Harden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech-2017-209701","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T15:01:26Z","timestamp":1759503686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech-2017-209701"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech-2017-209701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2017-209701","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-2738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]]}}}