{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T17:44:39Z","timestamp":1780508679125,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"Mexican National Council on Science and Technology"},{"name":"Ministry of Health of Mexico City"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is a lack of evidence regarding chronic disease modifiable risk factors among prisoner populations in Latin America. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases and to assess their relationship with length of incarceration.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We analysed data from a cross sectional study in which 4241 prisoners were randomly selected to answer a questionnaire with socio-demographic and health behaviour content using an audio computer-assisted self-interview format. Physical activity (PA), low-quality diet, current smoking and alcohol or cocaine use during the last month in prison were our main outcomes. Quantile regression models and logistic regression models were performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our final analytical sample consisted of 3774 prisoners from four Mexico City prisons. PA was estimated as 579 median metabolic equivalents-min\/week, prevalence of alcohol use was 23.4%, cocaine use was 24.2% and current smoking was 53.2%. Our results suggest that, as length of incarceration increased, PA as well as alcohol and cocaine use increased, whereas the quality of diet decreased.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study supports the hypothesis that exposure to prison environment (measured by length of incarceration) fosters modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases, particularly diet quality and cocaine use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2017-209843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T12:15:18Z","timestamp":1516796118000},"page":"342-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prison environment and non-communicable chronic disease modifiable risk factors: length of incarceration trend analysis in Mexico City"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Silverman-Retana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edson","family":"Servan-Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano Michele","family":"Bertozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Orozco-Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Bautista-Arredondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruy","family":"Lopez-Ridaura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100301421194000_72.4.342.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61053-7"},{"key":"2025100301421194000_72.4.342.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-010-9448-2"},{"key":"2025100301421194000_72.4.342.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.090662"},{"key":"2025100301421194000_72.4.342.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.149591"},{"key":"2025100301421194000_72.4.342.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors among prisoners","volume":"9","author":"Arries","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Forensic Nurs"},{"key":"2025100301421194000_72.4.342.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60319-5"},{"key":"2025100301421194000_72.4.342.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jphp.2010.47"},{"key":"2025100301421194000_72.4.342.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01316.x"},{"key":"2025100301421194000_72.4.342.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131718","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of prisoners in mexico city comparing prevalence of transmissible infections and chronic diseases with that in the general population","volume":"10","author":"Bautista-Arredondo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025100301421194000_72.4.342.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650804900105"},{"key":"2025100301421194000_72.4.342.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/78.2.214"},{"key":"2025100301421194000_72.4.342.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650704800202"},{"key":"2025100301421194000_72.4.342.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138063","article-title":"Cross-sectional association between length of incarceration and selected risk factors for non-communicable chronic diseases in two male prisons of Mexico City","volume":"10","author":"Silverman-Retana","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025100301421194000_72.4.342.14","unstructured":"Comisi\u00f3n de Derechos Humanos del Distrito Federal. 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