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Of the 15 epidemiological studies identified, 14 include measurements of exposures during childhood, 2 include prenatal exposures and 1 includes adults over age 21. Together, they illustrate that the role of chemicals in T1DM may be complex and may depend on a variety of factors, such as exposure level, timing of exposure, nutritional status and chemical metabolism. While the evidence that these exposures may increase the risk of T1DM is still preliminary, it is critical to investigate this possibility further as a means of preventing T1DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2018-210627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T21:15:59Z","timestamp":1552425359000},"page":"483-488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Exposure to environmental chemicals and type 1 diabetes: an update"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8925-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah G","family":"Howard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050722101816000_73.6.483.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1141"},{"key":"2020050722101816000_73.6.483.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.12.3353"},{"key":"2020050722101816000_73.6.483.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2011.133694"},{"key":"2020050722101816000_73.6.483.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/931857"},{"key":"2020050722101816000_73.6.483.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howard SG . 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