{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:44:51Z","timestamp":1790707491100,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["259882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["259882"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["633724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["633724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["733280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["733280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Socioeconomic factors influence language development in the general population, but the association remains poorly documented in children born very preterm (VPT). We assessed the impact of maternal education on language development in children born VPT and effect modification by perinatal risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were from the Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) population-based cohort of children born &lt;32 weeks\u2019 gestational age (GA) in 2011\/2012. Regions from six countries (Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and UK) used a validated short form MacArthur Developmental Communicative Inventories Checklist to assess language at 2 years corrected age. Perinatal variables were collected from clinical records. We assessed expressive language delay (ELD), defined as (a) not combining words; and (b) expressive vocabulary &lt;10th percentile of norms for age and sex. Perinatal risk (low, moderate and high) was determined using GA, small for GA and neonatal morbidities. We estimated adjusted risk ratios (aRR) of ELD by maternal education with inverse weighting to account for non-response bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 2741 children, 24.6% were not combining words and 39.7% had a low expressive vocabulary. Low maternal education (lower secondary or less compared with a bachelor\u2019s degree or more) increased risks of ELD: not combining words: aRR=1.52 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.69); low expressive vocabulary: aRR=1.25 (1.04 to 1.51). For children with low perinatal risk, the aRR were 1.88 (1.26 to 2.80) and 1.44 (1.06 to 1.95), respectively, compared with those with high perinatal risks: 1.36 (1.10 to 1.67) and 1.11 (0.97 to 1.27), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low maternal education affects ELD for children born VPT, although the association appears attenuated among those with highest perinatal risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2019-213564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T17:15:32Z","timestamp":1580318132000},"page":"346-353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Maternal education and language development at 2 years corrected age in children born very preterm: results from a European population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2156-154X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariane","family":"Sentenac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, CRESS, Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOP\u00e9, INSERM, INRA, F-75004 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6972-3608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Laure","family":"Charkaluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, CRESS, Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOP\u00e9, INSERM, INRA, F-75004 Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Lille, Lille, France ; Service de n\u00e9onatologie, H\u00f4pital Saint Vincent de Paul, Groupement des H\u00f4pitaux de l'Institut Catholique Lillois\/Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et Ma\u00efeutique, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5615-0639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Veera","family":"S\u00ebppanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, CRESS, Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOP\u00e9, INSERM, INRA, F-75004 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0650-3173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrika","family":"Aden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3284-6874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Cuttini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Care and Management Innovation Research Area, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Pediatric Hospital, Roma, Lazio, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, University Hospital, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5234-6474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mairi","family":"Mannamaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu, Children\u2019s Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9568-2969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Zeitlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, CRESS, Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOP\u00e9, INSERM, INRA, F-75004 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100304532464000_74.4.346.1","unstructured":"Euro-Peristat Project . 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