{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:18:05Z","timestamp":1793384285258,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"s1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Earlier studies, based on data collected among juvenile court clients or prisoners, suggest that there is an association between trauma and adolescent-onset offending. However, there is a lack of large-scale data on juvenile violence and clinical mental health observations with unselected participants, and a risk-factor-oriented research combining multiple variables affecting violent behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"s2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyse the effect of trauma on violent offending using longitudinal register-linkage population data. The study is based on administrative data on all Finnish children born between 1986 and 2000, linked with their biological and adoptive parents (N=913\u00a0675). The data include annually updated demographic and socioeconomic information from Statistics Finland, hospital discharge and specialised outpatient service records as well as the data from all suspected criminal offences known to the police (1996\u20132017). We measured trauma diagnosis at age 12\u201314 and followed participants for subsequent violent criminality from age 15 to 17.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"s3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The population average estimates, taking into account observed substance abuse and other mental health diagnoses, shows that trauma-related disorders (adjustment problems, post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder) were associated with violent offending. The same was true in sibling fixed effect models, which take into account genetic and environmental confounding shared by siblings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"s4\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest that severe stress related to traumatic or strong negative life changes in adolescence is a risk factor for violent behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2020-214188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T17:25:03Z","timestamp":1593624303000},"page":"845-850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Trauma and violent offending among adolescents: a birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5112-3823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsi","family":"Peltonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noora","family":"Ellonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8413-6399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joonas","family":"Pitk\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Aaltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9374-1438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pekka","family":"Martikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100308411035000_74.10.845.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1989.tb01671.x"},{"key":"2025100308411035000_74.10.845.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v3i0.18968","article-title":"Offending behaviour: the role of trauma and PTSD","volume":"3","author":"Ardino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"2025100308411035000_74.10.845.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v3i0.17247","article-title":"Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress, and comorbidities in female adolescent offenders: findings and implications from recent studies","volume":"3","author":"Foy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"2025100308411035000_74.10.845.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01817.x"},{"key":"2025100308411035000_74.10.845.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072290"},{"key":"2025100308411035000_74.10.845.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.05.004"},{"key":"2025100308411035000_74.10.845.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30062-2","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: a potential cause of violent crime?","volume":"5","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025100308411035000_74.10.845.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2009.01147.x"},{"key":"2025100308411035000_74.10.845.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.653"},{"key":"2025100308411035000_74.10.845.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(02)00227-1"},{"key":"2025100308411035000_74.10.845.11","unstructured":"Abram KM , Teplin LA , King DC et al. , PTSD, trauma, and comorbid psychiatric disorders in detained youth. 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