{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:42:23Z","timestamp":1759538543893,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/bmj.com\/coronavirus\/usage"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has especially affected individuals living in conglomerate settings having poverty as common characteristic. However, evidence of the association between COVID-19 severity and social determinants is still scarce, particularly, for Latin American countries. The objective was to assess the effect of socioeconomic deprivation in the clinical severity of COVID-19 infection among different localities of Bogot\u00e1, Colombia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Secondary analyses using data of SARS-CoV-2 infected cases in Bogot\u00e1 from 6 March 2020 to 19 April 2020 were carried out. Direct and indirect indicators of deprivation at area level and individual demographic characteristics (age, sex and type of case) were included in the analyses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>1684 COVID-19 cases were included in the study. There were 217 (12.9%; 95%\u2009CI 11.3 to 14.5) serious cases, of which 32.6% (95% CI 26.4 to 38.8) cases were deceased. In the multilevel logistic regression, age, sex (female), type of case (different of imported case), number of serious cases recorded the previous day and multidimensional poverty were associated with serious cases (median OR: 1.72, 95%\u2009CI 1.56 to 1.87).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This paper explored the association between COVID-19 severity and social determinants. Expressions of poverty were associated with more severe cases during first 2\u2009months of pandemic. It is a clear syndemic for the joint presentation of COVID-19 and other comorbidities among more serious cases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2020-214579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T13:31:13Z","timestamp":1625059873000},"page":"116-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["COVID-19 distribution in Bogot\u00e1, Colombia: effect of poverty during the first 2 months of pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8446-1231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Moreno-Montoya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Studies and Clinical Epidemiology Division, Hospital Universitario de la Fundaci\u00f3n Santa Fe de Bogot\u00e1, Bogota, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1382-6859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia Marcela","family":"Ballesteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Studies and Clinical Epidemiology Division, Hospital Universitario de la Fundaci\u00f3n Santa Fe de Bogot\u00e1, Bogota, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9579-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro Javier","family":"Idrovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salud Publica, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100308545745000_76.2.116.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmp2004361"},{"key":"2025100308545745000_76.2.116.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solis J , Franco-Paredes C , Henao-Mart\u00ednez AF . 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