{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T06:40:06Z","timestamp":1773384006801,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1294861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1294861"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1308247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1308247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["667661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["667661"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is mixed evidence on the association between living arrangements and mid-late life cognition, which may be due to distinct familial arrangements and preferences between populations. To address such heterogeneity, we assessed these associations in China and England.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four-year trajectories of episodic memory scores (0\u201320, word recall test) by living arrangements (living with partner only, living with partner and children\/grandchildren, living with no partner but with children\/grandchildren, and living alone) were estimated using latent growth curve modelling for men and women aged 50+ from China (n=12 801) and England (n=10 964).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After adjusting for baseline socioeconomic, health behaviours and health covariates, worse baseline memory was found in Chinese adults living with no partner but with children\/grandchildren and in Chinese women living with partner and children\/grandchildren, compared with those living with partner only. Better baseline memory was associated with living alone in English women. A faster memory decline was found in Chinese men living with no partner but with children\/grandchildren (\u22120.122 word\/year, 95% CI \u22120.213 to \u20130.031), as well as in English women living with children\/grandchildren with (\u22120.114, 95% CI \u22120.180 to \u20130.049) or without (\u22120.118, 95% CI \u22120.209 to \u20130.026) a partner, and those living alone (\u22120.075, 95% CI \u22120.127 to \u20130.024). No differences at baseline nor over follow-up were found between English men in different living arrangements.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, our findings did not confirm the protective effects of co-residence with children\/grandchildren, nor the detrimental effects of living alone on mid-late life cognition in China and England.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2020-215567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T22:11:48Z","timestamp":1612908708000},"page":"881-889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Four-year trajectories of episodic memory decline in mid-late life by living arrangements: a cross-national comparison between China and England"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6517-1503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaoyue","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7492-9873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milagros","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Bobak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9374-1438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pekka","family":"Martikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100306502452000_75.9.881.1","unstructured":"Prince M , Wimo A , Guerchet M . 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