{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:54:33Z","timestamp":1787730873900,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001262","name":"Baily Thomas Charitable Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRUST\/VC\/AC\/SG\/5366-8393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRUST\/VC\/AC\/SG\/5366-8393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001262","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effect of policy initiatives and deprivation on mortality disparities in people with intellectual disabilities is not clear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An electronic health record observational study of linked primary care data in England from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and the Office for National Statistics deaths data from 2000 to 2019 was undertaken. All-cause and cause-specific mortality for people with intellectual disabilities were calculated by gender and deprivation status (index of multiple deprivation quintile) using direct age-standardised mortality rates (all years) and ratios (SMR; 2000\u20132009 vs 2010\u20132019).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 1.0\u2009million patients (n=33\u2009844 with intellectual disability; n=980\u2009586 general population without intellectual disability), differential mortality was consistently higher in people with intellectual disabilities and there was no evidence of attenuation over time. There was a dose\u2013response relationship between all-cause mortality and lower deprivation quintile in the general population which was not observed in people with intellectual disabilities. Cause-specific SMR were consistent in both the 2000\u20132009 and 2010\u20132019 calendar periods, with a threefold increased risk of death in both males and females with intellectual disabilities (SMR ranges: 2.91\u20133.51). Mortality was highest from epilepsy (SMR ranges: 22.90\u201352.74) and aspiration pneumonia (SMR ranges: 19.31\u201335.44). SMRs were disproportionately high for people with intellectual disabilities living in the least deprived areas.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People with intellectual disabilities in England continue to experience significant mortality disparities and there is no evidence that the situation is improving. Deprivation indicators may not be effective for targeting vulnerable individuals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2021-216798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T13:35:30Z","timestamp":1625837730000},"page":"168-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Mortality disparities and deprivation among people with intellectual disabilities in England: 2000\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2877-4342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freya","family":"Tyrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Morriss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Kiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intellectual Disability Psychiatry Department, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satheesh K","family":"Gangadharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intellectual Disability Psychiatry Department, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J","family":"Rutherford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100303485788000_76.2.168.1","unstructured":"LeDER team, University of Bristol . 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