{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:05:08Z","timestamp":1789596308684,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025092","name":"Ontario Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"St. Michael\u2019s Hospital Association AFP Innovation Fund Award","award":["SMH-20-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SMH-20-013"]}]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics at The Hospital for Sick Children","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Individuals who experience a violence-related injury are at high risk for subsequent assault. The extent to which characteristics of initial assault are associated with the risk and intensity of reassaults is not well described yet essential for planning preventive interventions. We sought to describe the incidence of reassault and associated risk factors in Ontario, Canada.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this population-based retrospective cohort study using linked health and demographic administrative databases, we included all individuals discharged from an emergency department or hospitalised with a physical assault between 1 April 2005 and 30 November 2016 and followed them until 31 December 2016 for reassault. A sex-stratified Andersen-Gill recurrent events analysis modelled associations between sociodemographic and clinical risk factors and reassault.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>271\u2009522 individuals experienced assault (mean follow-up=6.4 years), 24\u2009568 (9.0%) of whom were reassaulted within 1\u2009year, 45\u2009834 (16.9%) within 5 years and 52\u2009623 (19.4%) within 10 years. 40\u2009322 (21%) males and 12\u2009662 (17%) females experienced reassault over the study period. Groups with increased rates of reassault included: those aged 13\u201317 years versus older adults (age 65+) (males: relative rate (RR) 2.16; 95% CI 1.96 to 2.38; females: RR 2.79; 95% CI 2.39 to 3.26)), those living in rural areas versus urban (males: RR 1.22; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.24; females: RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.27 to 1.37) and individuals with a history of incarceration versus without (males: RR 2.38; 95% CI 2.33 to 2.42; females: RR 2.57; 95% CI 2.48 to 2.67).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One in five who are assaulted experience reassault. Those at greatest risk include youth, those living in rural areas, and those who have been incarcerated, with strongest associations among females. Timely interventions to reduce the risk of experiencing reassault must consider both sexes in these groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2021-216964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T01:02:06Z","timestamp":1633827726000},"page":"404-410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors associated with experiencing reassault in Ontario, Canada: a population-based analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9460-4299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Strauss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinku","family":"Sutradhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Snider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4369-6904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha Ruth","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100304592893000_76.4.404.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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