{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:23:44Z","timestamp":1789601024354,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000960","name":"Healthway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A- no grant number was provided by the funding b"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A- no grant number was provided by the funding b"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000960","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001170","name":"Cancer Council Western Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A- no grant number was provided by the funding b"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A- no grant number was provided by the funding b"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001801","name":"University of Western Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARC DECRA Fellowship (DE210101791)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC DECRA Fellowship (DE210101791)."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Food marketing exposure has the potential to influence children\u2019s dietary behaviours and health status, however, few studies have identified how \u2018obesogenic\u2019 the outdoor food marketing environment is along public transport (bus and\/or train) or walking routes that children take to school.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Audits of all outdoor advertisements present along likely train, bus and walking routes to 24 secondary schools (ie, 3 routes per school, 72 routes total) were conducted in Perth, Western Australia (WA). The size, content, type and setting of each advertisement were recorded in accordance with the International Network for Food and Obesity\/non-communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support protocol for monitoring outdoor advertising.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 4016 total advertisements observed, almost half were for food (n=1754, 44%) and of these, 80% (n=1397) advertised discretionary (non-core) foods, and 8% (n=138) advertised healthy (core) foods. On average, commuting to school by train, bus and walking exposed Perth schoolchildren to 37.1, 22 and 4.5 discretionary (non-core) food ads per one-way trip to school, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children living in Perth, WA experience a high level of exposure to unhealthy outdoor food advertisements during the school commute. Policies which restrict the placement and content of outdoor advertising, could be a useful strategy in the fight against childhood obesity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2021-217032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T11:30:11Z","timestamp":1626694211000},"page":"1232-1235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Exposure to unhealthy food and beverage advertising during the school commute in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Gina","family":"Trapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Australia School of Design, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukar E","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Kennington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Council Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainslie","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Council Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7202-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Wickens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Billingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.1","unstructured":"Pikora T , Christian H , Trapp G , et al . Chronic disease prevention interventions in children and young adults: a rapid review prepared for the Australian government department of health on behalf of the Australian prevention partnership centre, 2016."},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.2","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2013."},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2012.01.032"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2012.04.017"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014399"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.031308.100304"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040875","article-title":"Food marketing influences children\u2019s attitudes, preferences and consumption: A systematic critical review","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007001231","article-title":"Beyond-brand effect of television food advertisements on food choice in children: the effects of weight status","volume":"11","author":"Halford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013001067"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdx004","article-title":"Advertising to children initiatives have not reduced unhealthy food advertising on Australian television","volume":"39","author":"Watson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2008.00303.x"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.12","article-title":"Advertising and availability of 'obesogenic' foods around New Zealand secondary schools: a pilot study","volume":"118","author":"Maher","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.55","article-title":"The volume and type of unhealthy bus shelter advertising around schools in Perth, Western Australia: results from an explorative study","volume":"30","author":"Parnell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Promot J Austr"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557850802307809"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4433-2","article-title":"An audit of food and beverage advertising on the Sydney metropolitan train network: regulation and policy implications","volume":"17","author":"Sainsbury","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.16","unstructured":"Trapp G , Hooper P . Junk food filled neighbourhoods: building a local evidence base for change. The Univeristy of Western Australia, Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, 2020."},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17061\/phrp3012005","article-title":"Children's trips to school dominated by unhealthy food advertising in Sydney, Australia","volume":"30","author":"Richmond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Res Pract"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.18","unstructured":"Outdoor Media Association . Industry performance, 2017. Available: http:\/\/www.oma.org.au\/"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.19","unstructured":"Department of Education . Alphabetical list of Western Australian schools. Government of Western Australia, 2021."},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.20","unstructured":"The University of Auckland . International Network for Food and Obesity \/ non-communicable Diseases Research Monitoring and Action Support. INFORMAS protocol: Promotion - Outdoor advertising (School zones), 2017."},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12257"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03182.x","article-title":"Advertising of fast food to children on Australian television: the impact of industry self-regulation","volume":"195","author":"Hebden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.23","unstructured":"Watson W , Johnston A , Hughes C , et al . Children\u2019s health or corporate wealth? The battleground for kids\u2019 hearts, minds and tummies. Sydney: Cancer Council New South Wales, 2014."},{"key":"2025100704095806000_75.12.1232.24","unstructured":"Backholer K , Chung A , Zorbas C . Unhealthy food and beverage advertising in outdoor spaces and on publicly owned assets: a scoping review of the literature. Cancer Council Western Australia, 2020."}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech-2021-217032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T11:10:12Z","timestamp":1759835412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech-2021-217032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech-2021-217032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2021-217032","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-2738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]}}}