{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T12:23:56Z","timestamp":1786537436405,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Incarcerated individuals experience increased health problems, presenting additional challenges as they leave prison and re-enter the community. These challenges are disproportionally experienced by racial and ethnic minorities. Despite these trends, little is known regarding the availability of medical services within the communities to which incarcerated individuals return.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined all prison returns in the state of Florida between 2008 and 2017. We examined the odds of returning from prison to a community that is formally designated as medically underserved by the Health Resources and Services Administration. We also examined whether Florida communities with a greater proportion of racial and ethnic minority returns were more likely to be designated as medically underserved.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, each SD increase in community return rate resulted in a 20% increase in the odds of medical underservice designation. For each SD increase in the proportion of black and Latino returns, the odds of medical underservice designation increased by 50% and 14%, respectively, compared with the proportion of white returns.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Within Florida, previously incarcerated individuals are more likely to return to communities with limited availability of medical services. These findings are even more pronounced for communities with more black returnees. Previously incarcerated individuals are more likely to return to communities that lack the medical infrastructure required to address their unique healthcare needs, potentially leading to worsened health, and increased racial and ethnic health disparities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2022-220222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T03:59:32Z","timestamp":1686110372000},"page":"501-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Racial and ethnic differences in the availability of community medical services after leaving prison"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5777-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph A","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0244-4070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-An","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2102-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyra","family":"Dark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Center for Translational Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4555-0247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja E","family":"Siennick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100301231625000_77.8.501.1","unstructured":"Carson A . 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