{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T06:17:16Z","timestamp":1778653036524,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012737","name":"Department of Health, State Government of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2014, a bushfire ignited the Hazelwood coalmine in regional Victoria, Australia, shrouding nearby communities in smoke for 6 weeks. In this study, we examined whether survival decreased among people with cancer in smoke-exposed areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified cancers diagnosed between January 2009 and February 2014, the start of the coalmine fire, from the Victorian Cancer Registry. Tumours were grouped by location as well as subtypes for breast and lung cancers. Smoke exposure was determined by the daily average of PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      per 10\u2009\u00b5g\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      attributable to the mine fire at Statistical Area level 2. Survival effects were analysed using a Cox proportional hazards frailty model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no detectable effect of fire-related PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      on overall cancer survival. There was weak evidence that fire-related PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      exposure reduced survival among women with breast cancer (HR: 1.18, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.38 per 10 \u00b5g\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      of PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). No other effects were detectable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found limited evidence that smoke from the Hazelwood coal mine fire reduced survival among people living with cancer. The association with reduced survival among women with breast cancer may be a chance finding. However, this does not rule out an effect and further analyses should follow when more data become available or following other similar disasters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2025-223952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T17:20:18Z","timestamp":1760980818000},"page":"41-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Survival among patients with cancer after a coalmine fire: analysis of registry data in regional Victoria, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6089-1827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler J","family":"Lane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline X","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Orygen, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine L","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Orygen, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherene","family":"Loi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Kinsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jillian","family":"Ikin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malcolm R","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Abramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121002051032000_80.1.41.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112608","article-title":"Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollutants and Cancer Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025121002051032000_80.1.41.2","first-page":"460","article-title":"Outdoor air pollution and cancer: An overview of the current evidence and public health recommendations","volume":"70","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J Clinicians"},{"key":"2025121002051032000_80.1.41.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115328"},{"key":"2025121002051032000_80.1.41.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207927"},{"key":"2025121002051032000_80.1.41.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106249","article-title":"Long-term low-level ambient air pollution exposure and risk of lung cancer - 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