{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T17:51:45Z","timestamp":1772041905544,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757808000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>China implemented the \u2018One Helmet, One Belt\u2019 road safety campaign in April 2020 to improve helmet use among cyclists and motorcyclists. We evaluated its long-term effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed crash data from 379 media sources that reported at least one road traffic crash per quarter between January 2019 and September 2024, as indexed by the Automated Road Traffic Crash Data Platform. The proportion of media-reported crashes involving helmeted motorcyclists and cyclists was compared before and after implementation of the national campaign. We calculated adjusted (aORs) using logistic regression, controlling for season and the COVID-19 pandemic period and fitted Joinpoint regression models to identify periods with significant changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 20\u2009546 media-reported crashes involving motorcyclists and cyclists, the overall proportion of riders wearing helmets increased significantly following the campaign\u2019s implementation (aOR: 2.37; 95%\u2009CI: 2.08 to 2.72). However, this increase emerged only in the first 8\u2009months of the campaign (April\u2013December 2020), after which proportions plateaued. Subgroup analyses detected distinct temporal patterns for motorcyclists (an initial increase followed by decline), professional delivery riders (no significant trends) and publicly shared vehicle riders (consistently increasing trends).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study documents an initial increase followed by stabilisation in proportion of media-reported crashes involving helmeted motorcyclists and cyclists following the national injury prevention campaign. The intervention\u2019s effectiveness varied across rider subgroups. These findings underscore the importance of sustaining and enhancing the national campaign while developing targeted interventions for distinct user groups in China, also suggesting similar initiatives might be effective in other international contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2025-224411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T17:20:20Z","timestamp":1757870420000},"page":"35-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Helmet use among cyclists and motorcyclists involved in media-reported road traffic crashes after implementation of the national \u2018One Helmet, One Belt\u2019 campaign in China"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peixia","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Schwebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Psychology, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wangxin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Biomedical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peishan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Urban Smart Governance, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5002-8015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121002051034000_80.1.35.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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