{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T10:28:13Z","timestamp":1786357693429,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015615","name":"CTN+","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Postdoctoral Fellowship \/ no number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Postdoctoral Fellowship \/ no number"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015615","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000204","name":"Vancouver Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Convene Grant \/ FOI20-5729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Convene Grant \/ FOI20-5729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Health Research BC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Convening and Collaborating Grant \/ C2-2020-1429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Convening and Collaborating Grant \/ C2-2020-1429"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Health System Impact Fellowship \/ HSIF-2024-04464"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Health System Impact Fellowship \/ HSIF-2024-04464"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Partnership Engage Grant \/ 892-2023-2085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Partnership Engage Grant \/ 892-2023-2085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Postdoctoral Fellowship \/ 756-2022-0314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Postdoctoral Fellowship \/ 756-2022-0314"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Causal inference relies on correct background knowledge, which epidemiologists generally understand to come from academic experts. Our community-engaged study augments scientific domain knowledge with lived\/living experience to co-construct the directed acyclic graph (DAG) underpinning our team\u2019s research question about ageing and HIV. We outline our team\u2019s process for co-creating the community-based DAG and describe qualitative reflections from team members regarding these methods. Our overarching goal was to expand expert knowledge to include community expertise by engaging peer researchers in DAG co-development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assembled a team of quantitative and qualitative researchers, including a diverse group of peer researchers living with HIV. The team co-constructed a DAG, illustrated by a peer researcher-artist, combining the lived\/living experience of peer researchers with subject-matter expertise from academic researchers. The DAG was refined with input from epidemiologists. Qualitative researchers transcribed DAG co-development sessions to understand how peer researchers engaged with this tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Qualitative reflections allowed the study team to critically analyse our process. Peer researchers found drawing the DAG intuitive. Having a visual representation of causal relationships led to active discussion and greater understanding. The complexity of the DAG enmeshed with temporal ordering humanised the research; seeing the web of covariates resonated as a reflection of a person\u2019s life journey. One peer researcher found that incorporating diverse perspectives meant upholding unique expertise and not only platforming academic expertise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Co-constructing DAGs incorporating lived\/living experience is reasonable and possible. Co-constructing DAGs may strengthen epidemiologic studies by reconceptualising the traditional epidemiologic definition of expert knowledge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2025-224787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T17:20:37Z","timestamp":1776878437000},"page":"653-662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Who is the expert? A process guide to incorporate lived\/living experience into directed acyclic graphs: an applied example from HIV research"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8845-663X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan E.","family":"Marziali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Inglis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peggy","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribbon Community, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NA, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patience","family":"Magagula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Afro-Canadian Positive Network of British Columbia, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NA, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Budu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie C M","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Tree Clinic, British Columbia Women\u2019s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Guillemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Worthington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081002300737000_80.9.653.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/15.3.413"},{"key":"2026081002300737000_80.9.653.2","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1n M , Robins J . 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