{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T02:09:57Z","timestamp":1789524597107,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Study objective:<\/jats:bold> Because of the promise of its ability to quickly identify cases of violence against women during pregnancy, the abuse assessment screen (AAS) should be the focus of numerous psychometric evaluations. This paper assesses its measurement accuracy compared with the revised conflict tactics scales (CTS2) used as standard.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold> Cross sectional study. Besides several ancillary questions, the AAS consists of three anchor questions about violence against pregnant women. These are inclusive, respectively covering lifetime, preceding 12 months, and pregnancy periods. These questions are the main focus of this article. The CTS2 physical aggression scale consists of 12 items divided into minor and severe subscales. A positive event is defined as having at least one positive item in the respective subscale. The 12 item score is also used.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Setting and participants:<\/jats:bold> The instruments were applied to 748 women, 24 to 72 hours after delivery in three major public sector maternity wards of Rio de Janeiro from March to September 2000.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Main results:<\/jats:bold> According to the CTS2, prevalences of minor and severe physical violence perpetrated against a pregnant woman are 18.4% (95%\u00a0CI 15.7 to 21.4) and 7.6% (95%\u00a0CI 5.8 to 9.8), respectively. Taking these subscales as standards, sensitivities are 31.9% (95%\u00a0CI 24.9 to 40.3) and 61.4% (95%\u00a0CI 47.6 to 74.0), respectively. Specificities are above 97%.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> These findings are somewhat worrying because the number of victims who are not identified and offered assistance is considerable. On a practical note, it would be sensible not to use the AAS as a stand alone screening tool until more evidence is gathered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2003.011742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,13]],"date-time":"2004-05-13T19:13:36Z","timestamp":1084475616000},"page":"523-527","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Comparison between the abuse assessment screen and the revised conflict tactics scales for measuring physical violence during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"M E","family":"Reichenheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C L","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krug EG, Dahlberg LL, Mercy JA, et al. World report on violence and health. Geneva: World Health Organisation, 2002.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11133-0"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.2","unstructured":"Heise L, Pitanguy J, Germain A. Violence against women: the hidden health burden. Washington: The World Bank, 1994:255."},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.3","unstructured":"Straus MA, Gelles RJ. Physical violence in American families: risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8145 families. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publisher, 1995."},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00070-8","volume":"51","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530480057041"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.1999.tb01142.x","volume":"25","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.12.1581"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(02)00250-3"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.4.313","volume":"156","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010074"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.11","first-page":"323","volume":"84","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.274"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.13","unstructured":"Heise L, Gracia-Moreno C. Violence by intimate partner. In: Krug EG, Dahlberg LL, Mercy JA, et al, eds. World report on violence and health. Geneva: World Health Organisation, 2002:87\u2013121."},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.14","first-page":"1915","volume":"355","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009514119423"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005721-199105000-00013"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480230068030"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(94)00429-H"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00002-7"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00258-0"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.6.681"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(99)00053-3"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152460901753285750"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.24","unstructured":"Soeken KL, McFarlane J, Parker B, et al. The abuse assessment screen: a clinical instrument to measure frequency, severity, and perpetrator of abuse against women. In: Campbell JC, ed. Empowering survivors of abuse: health care for battered women and their children. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1998:195\u2013203."},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019251396017003001"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088626099014012003"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.27","unstructured":"Straus M. Handbook for the conflict tactics scales (CTS). Durham: Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, 2000:259."},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.28","unstructured":"Barnett OW, Miller-Perrin CL, Perrin R. Family violence across the lifespan: an introduction. London: Sage, 1997:392."},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/351733"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2003000400030","volume":"19","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164401612011"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012281027999"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X02023003006","volume":"23","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Fam Issues"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2002000100017","volume":"18","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2002000300022","volume":"18","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.36","first-page":"185","volume":"66","year":"1985","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.37","first-page":"1257","volume":"149","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510390016008"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799001440"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127557.x","volume":"161","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.8_Pt_1.1092"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90039-6","volume":"39","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.43","unstructured":"Streiner DL, Norman GR. Health measurement scales. A practical guide to their development and use. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995."},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.44","first-page":"9","volume":"59","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stata Tech Bull"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.45","unstructured":"Anderson JA. Point biserial correlation (insert sg20). Stata Tech Bull 1994;17."},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.46","unstructured":"Nunnally JCJ, Bernstein I. Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995."},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-2182(99)00030-0"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.48","unstructured":"Moser CA, Kalton G. Survey methods in social investigation. London: Heinemann, 1975."},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102000000600008","volume":"34","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008846618880"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behling O, Law KS. Translating questionnaires and other research instrument: problems and solutions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2000.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412986373"},{"key":"2025100311082573000_58.6.523.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199607000-00011","volume":"7","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.2003.011742","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T18:08:35Z","timestamp":1759514915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.2003.011742"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,13]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.2003.011742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.2003.011742","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-2738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,13]]}}}