{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T15:55:18Z","timestamp":1770479718005,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> The life expectancy gap between Central-Eastern European (CEE) countries, including Hungary, and Western Europe (WE) is mainly attributable to excess cardiovascular (CV) mortality in midlife. This study explores the contribution of socioeconomic, work related, psychosocial, and behavioural variables to explaining variations of middle aged male and female CV mortality across 150 sub-regions in Hungary.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold> Cross sectional, ecological analyses.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold> 150 sub-regions of Hungary.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Participants and methods:<\/jats:bold> 12 643 people were interviewed in Hungarostudy 2002 survey, representing the Hungarian population according to sex, age, and sub-regions. Independent variables were income, education, control in work, job insecurity, weekend working hours, social support, depression, hostility, anomie, smoking, body mass index, and alcohol misuse.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:bold> Gender specific standardised premature (45\u201364 years) total CV, ischaemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular mortality rates in 150 sub-regions of Hungary.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Low education and income were the most important determinants of mid-aged CV mortality differences across sub-regions. High weekend workload, low social support at work, and low control at work account for a large part of variation in male premature CV mortality rates, whereas job insecurity, high weekend workload, and low control at work contribute most noticeably to variations in premature CV mortality rates among women. Low social support from friends, depression, anomie, hostility, alcohol misuse and cigarette smoking can also explain a considerable part of variations of premature CV mortality differences.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Variations in middle aged CV mortality rates in a rapidly changing society in CEE are largely accounted for by distinct unfavourable working and other psychosocial stress conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.042960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,11]],"date-time":"2006-08-11T16:43:23Z","timestamp":1155314603000},"page":"782-788","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Psychosocial determinants of premature cardiovascular mortality differences within Hungary"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Kopp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1rp\u00e1d","family":"Skrabski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zsuzsa","family":"Sz\u00e1nt\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Siegrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marmot M, Bobak M. Psychosocial and biological mechanisms behind the recent mortality crisis in Central and Eastern Europe. In: Cornia AG, Panicci R, eds. The mortality crisis in transitional economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198297413.003.0006"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.2","unstructured":"Weidner G, Kopp MS, Kristenson M, eds. Heart disease: environment, stress and gender. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2002."},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.3","unstructured":"G\u00c3\u00a1rdos \u00c3\u0089. Health Status of Population. Budapest: Central Statistical Office, 2002."},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.4","unstructured":"Hertzman C, Siddiqi A, Bobak M. The population health context for gender,stress and cardiovascular disease in Central and Eastern europe. In: Weidner G, Kopp MS, Kristenson M, eds. Heart disease: environment, stress and gender. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2002:15\u00e2\u0080\u009325."},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2003.12.001"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00106-4"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.7","first-page":"1350","volume":"51","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.2.114"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)00405-I"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.027284"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.55.9.624"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siegrist J. Effort-reward imbalance at work and health. In: Perrewe P, Gater D, eds. Historical and current perspectives on stress and health. Oxford: Elsevier, 2002:261\u00e2\u0080\u009391.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1479-3555(02)02007-3"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.13","unstructured":"Karasek RA, Theorell T. Healthy Work. Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life. New York: Basic Books, 1990."},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00587-0"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/23.3.505"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.9468579.x"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000023410.02546.5D"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawachi I, Berkman LF. Social cohesion, social capital, and health. In: Berkman LF, Kawachi I, eds. Social epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000:174\u00e2\u0080\u009390.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195083316.003.0008"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.19","unstructured":"Sp\u00c3\u00a9der ZS, Paksi B, Elekes ZS. Anomie and stratification at the beginning of the nineties. In: Kolosi T, T\u00c3\u00b3th IGY, Vukovich GY, eds. Social report 1998. Budapest: Social Research informatics Center, 1999:483\u00e2\u0080\u0093505."},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.3.4.322"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.1.1.27","volume":"1","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.22","unstructured":"Marmot M, Theorell T, Siegrist J. Work and coronary heart disease. In: Stansfeld S, Marmot M, eds. Stress and the heart. Psychosocial pathways to coronary heart disease. London: BMJ Books, 2002:50\u00e2\u0080\u009371."},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7369.857"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.59.11.777"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.2.147"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.26","unstructured":"Klinger A. Age-standardised midlife (45\u00e2\u0080\u009364 years) male and female CV mortality rates in the 150 Hungarian sub-regions in 2001\u00e2\u0080\u00932003. Budapest: Central Statistical Office, 2004."},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm1202_5"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.28","first-page":"83","volume":"18","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatria Hungarica"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014950618756"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7078.420","volume":"314","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.31","unstructured":"Levi L. Guidance of work related stress: Spice of life or kiss of death. Brussels: European Comission, 2000."},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.32","unstructured":"Steptoe A, Willemsen G. Psychophysiological responsivity in coronary heart disease. In: Stansfeld S, Marmot M, eds. Stress and the heart. Psychosocial pathways to coronary heart disease. London: BMJ Books, 2002:168\u00e2\u0080\u009380."},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801153380307"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.6.1147"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.56.4.294"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stansfeld S, Marmot M, eds. Stress and the heart. Psychosocial pathways to coronary heart disease. London: BMJ Books, 2001.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7324.1261"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.37","unstructured":"Csoboth CS, Birkas E, Buda B, et al. Psychosocial correlates of alcohol use and cigarette smoking in Hungary. In: Weidner G, Kopp MS, Kristenson M, eds. Heart disease: environment, stress and gender. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2002:121\u00e2\u0080\u00939."},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.38","unstructured":"Bobak M. New dietary risk factors: differences between Western and Eastern Europe. In: Weidner G, Kopp MS, Kristenson M, eds. Heart disease: environment, stress and gender. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2002:287\u00e2\u0080\u009395."},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(03)00351-4"},{"key":"2025100703562439000_60.9.782.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2002.005256"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.2005.042960","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T10:56:40Z","timestamp":1759834600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.2005.042960"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.2005.042960"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.2005.042960","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-2738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,11]]}}}