{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:44:21Z","timestamp":1791107061256,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> There is growing concern that moderate levels of outdoor air pollution may be associated with infant mortality, representing substantial loss of life-years. To date, there has been no investigation of the effects of outdoor pollution on infant mortality in the UK.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Daily time-series data of air pollution and all infant deaths between 1990 and 2000 in 10 major cities of England: Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Middlesbrough, Newcastle, Nottingham and Sheffield, were analysed. City-specific estimates were pooled across cities in a fixed-effects meta-regression to provide a mean estimate.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Few associations were observed between infant deaths and most pollutants studied. The exception was sulphur dioxide (SO2), of which a 10 \u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> increase was associated with a RR of 1.02 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.04) in all infant deaths. The effect was present in both neonatal and postneonatal deaths.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Continuing reductions in SO2 levels in the UK may yield additional health benefits for infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.053942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,13]],"date-time":"2007-07-13T18:32:21Z","timestamp":1184351541000},"page":"719-722","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Outdoor air pollution and infant mortality: analysis of daily time-series data in 10 English cities"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Shakoor","family":"Hajat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araceli","family":"Busby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Dolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199911000-00001"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6857"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.S3.1037","volume":"113","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6362"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-004-3005-9"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2166"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3454540"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.108-a252"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.9","first-page":"457","volume":"108","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199903000-00003"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.2.284"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2004000500019","volume":"37","year":"2004","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93017-H"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105608","volume":"105","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8484","volume":"114","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370500434214"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.17","first-page":"325","volume":"106","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000155505.04775.33"},{"key":"2025100522442173000_61.8.719.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8422","volume":"114","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.2006.053942","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T05:44:28Z","timestamp":1759729468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.2006.053942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,13]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.2006.053942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.2006.053942","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-2738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,13]]}}}