{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T10:49:57Z","timestamp":1778669397736,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> Even though persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are well-known neurotoxicants, there is no previous study, even cross-sectional, on the association between background exposure to POPs and clinically significant developmental disorders, such as learning disability (LD) or attention deficit disorder (ADD), among children from a general population.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold> Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold> Study subjects were 278 children aged 12\u201315 years included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999\u20132000. The seven most commonly detected POPs (each detectable in \u2a7e20% of children: 3,3\u2032,4,4\u2032,5-pentachlorobiphenyl; 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-dioxin (HPCDD); 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzo-<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-dioxin (OCDD); 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran (HPCDF); \u03b2-hexachlorocyclohexane; p,p\u2032-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; and trans-nonachlor) were selected.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Main results:<\/jats:bold> Compared with children with non-detectable levels of POPs, adjusted prevalence ORs (95% CIs) of LD among those with detectable levels of HPCDD, OCDD or HPCDF were 2.08 ( 1.17 to 3.68), 2.72 (1.24 to 5.99) and 2.18 (1.15 to 4.15), respectively. For ADD, the corresponding figures were 3.41 (1.08 to 10.8), 3.33 (0.94 to 11.8) and 2.31 (0.62 to 8.63), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Associations were observed between serum concentrations of POPs belonging to the categories of polychlorinated dibenzo-<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans and the prevalence of two clinically significant development problems, LD and ADD. The nature of these associations needs to be clarified by prospective studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.054700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,14]],"date-time":"2007-06-14T02:34:40Z","timestamp":1181788480000},"page":"591-596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Association of serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants with the prevalence of learning disability and attention deficit disorder"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Duk-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miquel","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3454643"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70210-3"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2005.01.009"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-4993(18)30106-8","volume":"9","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199905000-00023"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.6","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health. Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. NECH publication No 05-0570. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005, Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/exposurereport\/3rd\/pdf\/thirdreport.pdf (accessed 17 Apr 2007)."},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.270","volume":"24","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.95103820","volume":"103","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.9","first-page":"1068","volume":"78","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.55.8.537"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.56.11.813"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.021238"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.13","unstructured":"NHANES 1999\u20132000 public data release file documentation (article online). Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/about\/major\/nhanes\/nhanes99_00.htm (accessed 17 Apr 2007)."},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.14","first-page":"26","volume":"31","year":"1997","journal-title":"Organohalogen Comp"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.15","unstructured":"NHANES 1999\u20132000 laboratory procedure manual. Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/nhanes\/frequency\/l28poc_b_met_pcb_pesticides.pdf (accessed 17 Apr 2007)."},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.9.1166"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.12.1005"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80569-9"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(91)90010-A","volume":"1","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81642-7"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.21","first-page":"1029","volume":"21","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(94)01611-R"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.5.700","volume":"97","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70369-0"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8614","volume":"114","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199609123351104"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.18.1.185"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81039-X"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.119625"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.30","first-page":"271","volume":"478","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801380"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200109000-00007","volume":"50","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1994.9955000","volume":"49","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2005.01.006"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2004.09.005"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0543"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440500534164"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-813X(03)00020-2"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.39","first-page":"339","volume":"110","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06654-5"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30058-7","volume":"26","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.42","first-page":"171","volume":"140\u2013141","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mjt.0000212707.81034.c6"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408449891344164"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026520300283414"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(98)00271-9"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6963.1189"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7688"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022848"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1982.10667557","volume":"37","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2025100304531616000_61.7.591.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.6.1010","volume":"89","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.2006.054700","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T11:53:25Z","timestamp":1759492405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.2006.054700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,13]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.2006.054700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.2006.054700","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-2738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,13]]}}}