{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T21:46:18Z","timestamp":1759527978256,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Given an observed geographical variation in Legionnaires\u2019 disease incidence in The Netherlands, the aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the type of drinking water production was an independent determinant of the incidence of Legionnaires\u2019 disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For the 1987\u20132005 period, the incidence of Legionnaires\u2019 disease in The Netherlands and the price of water as a proxy for production type was studied at the municipal level. The data on the price of water were available at the municipal level.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For each of the 466 municipalities in The Netherlands a mean standardised incidence rate per 100 000 inhabitants over the 1987\u20132005 period was calculated, excluding patients with the most probable source of infection abroad or in hospital. Logistic regression was used to assess the relation of the price of water to the incidence rates. In order to control for diagnostic and inclusion bias, they were estimated using questionnaire data collected from all 62 medical microbiology laboratories in the country.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The incidence of Legionnaires\u2019 disease varied between municipalities from 0.0 to 5.6 per 100 000 person-years. In univariate analysis high versus low water price was positively associated with a high municipal incidence rate (odds ratio (OR) 1.9; 95% CI 1.5\u20132.6). The association persisted (OR 5.1; 95% CI 3.2\u20138.0) after correction for diagnostic and inclusion bias.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The price of water as a proxy for the type of water production was an independent risk factor for high municipal Legionnaires\u2019 disease incidence in The Netherlands. This can guide future prevention policies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2007.061598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,13]],"date-time":"2008-03-13T13:30:54Z","timestamp":1205415054000},"page":"e1-e1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Use of surface water in drinking water production associated with municipal Legionnaires\u2019 disease incidence"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"J W","family":"Den Boer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R A","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E P F","family":"Yzerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M A B","family":"van der Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.1","first-page":"836","article-title":"[Community-acquired pneumonia: pathogens and course in patients admitted to a general hospital].","volume":"148","author":"Braun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050419"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197712012972201"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197712012972202"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02455-0"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440360129015"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-4-667","article-title":"Cooling towers and evaporative condensers.","volume":"90","author":"Miller","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91137-X"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.9","first-page":"294","article-title":"Legionella pneumonia from a novel industrial aerosol.","volume":"2","author":"Allen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Commun Dis Public Health"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.5.1586"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.11","first-page":"918","article-title":"[Legionnaires\u2019 disease among Dutch tourists in a hotel in Pineda de Mar, Spain].","volume":"129","author":"Bijkerk","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.10.5805-5813.2005"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-4-565","article-title":"Nosocomial Legionnaires\u2019 disease in Columbus, Ohio.","volume":"90","author":"Marks","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00291-8"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.41.1.9-16.1981","article-title":"Ecological distribution of Legionella pneumophila.","volume":"41","author":"Fliermans","year":"1981","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.16","unstructured":"Anonymous. Controlling Legionnaires\u2019 disease. Publication no 2003\/12, 1\u201386. 2006. The Hague: Dutch Health Council, 2003."},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.17","first-page":"315","article-title":"[Reported cases of Legionella pneumonia in the Netherlands, 1987\u20132000].","volume":"146","author":"Den Boer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0801.010176"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.19","unstructured":"Versteegh JFM Dik HHJ . The quality of drinking water in the Netherlands in 2004. 703719010. Den Haag\/Bilthoven: Netherlands Ministery of Housing, Spacial Planning and the Environment\/National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, 2006."},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.20","unstructured":"Versteegh JFM Morgenstern PP Biesebeek te JD . The quality of drinking water in the Netherlands from 1992 to 2002. 734301024. Bilthoven: National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, 2004."},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.48.4.830-832.1984","article-title":"Isolation of Legionella species from drinking water.","volume":"48","author":"Hsu","year":"1984","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.22","unstructured":"Anonymous. Vereniging van Waterbedrijven in Nederland. Tarievenoverzicht leidingwater per 1 januari 2004. 2004\/27\/6218, 1-12. 21-4-2004. Rijswijk, Netherlands: Vewin, 2004."},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(02)00308-1"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.24","unstructured":"Anonymous. Water ho! Benchmarking in the drinking water industry (Water in Zicht. Benchmarking in de drinkingwatersector). Rijswijk, Netherlands: Association of Dutch Water Companies (Vewin), 1999."},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-4453(91)91569-J"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6833.1022"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6773.378"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/22.6.1127"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.2.663-671.2005"},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.30","unstructured":"Stumpe J Tielrooij F . Waterbeleid voor de 21e eeuw. [Water management in the 21th century]. The Hague, Netherlands: Water Management Committee for the 21st Century, 2000."},{"key":"2025100307431688000_62.4.e1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/16.6.741"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.2007.061598","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T14:43:25Z","timestamp":1759502605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.2007.061598"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,13]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.2007.061598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.2007.061598","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0143-005X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1470-2738"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,13]]}}}