{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:58:47Z","timestamp":1789595927738,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sedentary behaviour (sitting) is detrimental to health, independently of participation in physical activity. Socioeconomic position (SEP) is known to relate strongly to physical activity participation but we know very little about how SEP relates to sedentary behaviour. This study aimed to assess the relationships between SEP, neighbourhood deprivation and an index of sedentary time.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 7940 Scottish adults who participated in the 2003 Scottish Health Survey, which collected information on SEP (household income, social class and education), neighbourhood deprivation (Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation), television and other screen-based entertainment time, and physical activity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The three indicators of SEP and deprivation index were independently of each other associated with daily times of television and other screen-based entertainment, even after adjustment for occupational and leisure-time physical activity, health status, smoking, alcohol drinking, car ownership and body mass index: income p\u200a=\u200a0.002; social class p&lt;0.001; education p&lt;0.001, deprivation p&lt;0.001. Also, there was a strong cumulative effect of SEP (a composite scale where 0\u200a=\u200alowest, 9\u200a=\u200ahighest SEP position) with those in the lowest SEP spending an additional 109 minutes each day on screen-based entertainment compared to those in the highest socioeconomic position (p&lt;0.001 for linear trend).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adverse socioeconomic position is associated with a cumulative increase in the time spent on screen-based entertainment. Reducing inequalities would be expected to reduce exposure to sedentary behaviours, such as excessive screen-based entertainment times, and therefore reduce the risk of chronic disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2008.085902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,28]],"date-time":"2009-04-28T20:13:08Z","timestamp":1240949588000},"page":"734-740","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Television viewing and other screen-based entertainment in relation to multiple socioeconomic status indicators and area deprivation: the Scottish Health Survey 2003"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Stamatakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Hillsdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Hamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Marmot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.1","unstructured":"Department of Health. At least five a week: Evidence on the impact of physical activity and its relationship to health. London: Department of Health, 2004."},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.2","unstructured":"Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report, 2008. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008."},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.3","unstructured":"Department for Transport. Transport Statistics Bulletin: National Travel Survey, 2006. London: Department for Transport, 2006."},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.4","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Living in Britain: General Household Survey 2002. London: Office for National Statistics, 2003."},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2006.12.014"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e3181877d1a"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801203"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801049"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00426-3"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.14.1785"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601648"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.11.2603"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2005.65"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0882"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181607421"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang PC Li TC Wu MT . Association between television viewing and the risk of metabolic syndrome in a community based population. BMC Public Health 2008;8:193 doi: 10.1186\/1471-2458\/8\/193.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-193"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2004.04.011"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508035939"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.19","unstructured":"Stamatakis E . Adults\u2019 Physical Activity. In: Bromley C Sproston K Shelton N , eds. The Scottish Health Survey 2003. Edinburgh: The Stationery Office, 2005."},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980099000154","article-title":"Physical activity levels and body weight in a nationally representative sample in the European Union.","volume":"2","author":"Vaz de Almeida","year":"1999","journal-title":"Publ Health Nutr"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.7.784"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.029991"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.23","unstructured":"Scottish Executive. The Scottish Health Survey 2003: Volume 4, Technical Report, Chapter 1. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive, 2005. http:\/\/www.scotland.gov.uk\/Publications\/2005\/11\/25145024\/50278 (accessed December 2008)"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.24","unstructured":"Scottish Executive. The Scottish Health Survey 2003. Edinburgh: The Scottish Executive, 2005."},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.25","unstructured":"Standard occupational classification. 3 Vols. London: Employment Department Group, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1990."},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.26","unstructured":"Joint Health Surveys Unit. Health Survey for England Physical Activity Validation Study: substantive report. Leeds: Information Centre for Health and Social Care, (2007)."},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.27","unstructured":"Scottish Executive. The Scottish Health Survey 2003: Volume 4, Technical Report, Part 3. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive, 2005 http:\/\/www.scotland.gov.uk\/Resource\/Doc\/76169\/0019736.pdf (accessed July 2008)"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.28","unstructured":"Scottish Executive. Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004 Summary Technical Report, Edinburgh: Scottish Executive, 2004. http:\/\/www.scotland.gov.uk\/Publications\/2004\/06\/19429\/38161 (accessed July 2008)"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.29","unstructured":"Allison PD . Logistic regression using the SAS system: theory and application. Wiley InterScience: SAS Institute, 1999."},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2007.10599427","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Flemish Physical Activity Computerized Questionnaire in adults.","volume":"78","author":"Matton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00508.x","article-title":"Validity and reliability of measures of television viewing time and other non-occupational sedentary behaviour of adults: a review.","volume":"1","author":"Clark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity Rev"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugiyama T Healy GN Dunstan DW . Joint associations of multiple leisure time sedentary behaviours and physical activity with obesity in Australian adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Activity 2008;35:doi:10.1186\/1479-5868-5-3","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-5-35"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.04.003"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200009001-00009"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.35","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Geneva: WHO, 1997."},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5399.212"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.6.1451","article-title":"Energy expenditure of nonexercise activity.","volume":"72","author":"Levine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00925.2005"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/146642400412400209"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803357"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.07.033"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.42","unstructured":"Dunn E . Family spending 2006. London: Office for National Statistics, 2007."},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.53.3.191"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.44","unstructured":"Dunn E . Family spending 2007. London: Office for National Statistics, 2008."},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.02.018"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2007.11.005"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-4-32"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.48","first-page":"143","article-title":"Neighborhood Safety and the Prevalence of Physical Inactivity\u2014 Selected States, 1996.","volume":"48","author":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1999","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"2025100521051242000_63.9.734.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v43n01_06","article-title":"How can socio-economic differences in physical activity among women be explained? A qualitative study.","volume":"43","author":"Ball","year":"2006","journal-title":"Women Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.2008.085902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T04:05:27Z","timestamp":1759723527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.2008.085902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,27]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.2008.085902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.2008.085902","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-2738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,27]]}}}