{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:36:31Z","timestamp":1762004191300,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The validity of unblinded randomised trials testing interventions against diarrhoea is severely compromised by the potential for bias. Objective proxy markers for diarrhoea not relying on self-report are needed to assess the effect of interventions that cannot be blinded. Short-term changes in weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) may (due to catch-up growth) not be a clinically important marker for nutritional status. However, even a transient decrease in WAZ could indicate recent diarrhoea, and be interpreted as the effect of an intervention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using data from two large vitamin A trials from Ghana and Brazil, the immediate effect of the cumulative diarrhoea occurrence over 14 and 28\u2005day time windows on WAZ was explored.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A very strong linear association was found between the number of days with diarrhoea over the last 14\u201328\u2005days and WAZ. In both trials, differences in diarrhoea between the trial arms were associated with corresponding differences in WAZ.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Repeated WAZ measures appear to be a suitable proxy marker for diarrhoea in children, but have disadvantages in terms of specificity and study power.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.099721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,2]],"date-time":"2009-12-02T20:40:23Z","timestamp":1259786423000},"page":"1074-1079","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Weight-for-age z-score as a proxy marker for diarrhoea in epidemiological studies"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Wolf-Peter","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Boisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Genser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio L","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Baisley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Filteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Cairncross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100306480996000_64.12.1074.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13811-1"},{"key":"2025100306480996000_64.12.1074.2","first-page":"385","article-title":"Rotavirus vaccine: a promise for the future","volume":"26","author":"Zaman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"2025100306480996000_64.12.1074.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v27i3.3372","article-title":"Setting priorities in diarrhoeal disease research: merits and pitfalls of expert opinion","volume":"27","author":"Schmidt","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"2025100306480996000_64.12.1074.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39118.489931.BE"},{"key":"2025100306480996000_64.12.1074.5","unstructured":"Ejemot RI Ehiri JE Meremikwu MM . 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