{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T11:34:46Z","timestamp":1788608086497,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All residents of England aged 60\u2005years and older became entitled to free travel on local buses on 1 April 2006. This study examines the impact of this policy on public transport use, a mode of active transport and levels of obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Logistic regression analyses using three waves of data (2004, 2006 and 2008) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Our main outcome measures were changes in self-reported public transport use, body mass index, waist circumference and obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eligibility for free bus travel was associated with increased use (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.51, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.00) of public transport among older people. Older people who used public transport had reduced odds of being obese in 2008 compared with those who did not (AOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.86), as did those who were eligible for free local bus travel (AOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.97). Older people who used public transport had reduced odds of becoming obese between 2004 and 2008 (AOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.98).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The introduction of free bus travel for older residents of England appears to have increased public transport use and may have conferred a protective effect against obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2011.133165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]],"date-time":"2011-09-13T20:14:34Z","timestamp":1315944874000},"page":"176-180","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Free bus passes, use of public transport and obesity among older people in England"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Webb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopalakrishnan","family":"Netuveli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Millett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61759-1"},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.06.010"},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15568310601113645"},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2007.08.009"},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803199"},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.6","unstructured":"Demography and health inequalities. National Obesity Observatory, 2010. http:\/\/www.noo.org.uk\/NOO_about_obesity\/adult_obesity\/demography_inequalities."},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.7","unstructured":"Health Survey for England 2008: Volume 1: Physical Activity and Fitness, London, UK: NatCen, 2008."},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.8","unstructured":"Local Government Association. Cost of Free Travel Could 'Spiral Out of Control': Internet Communication, 2009. 13-12-2010."},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.9","unstructured":"National Travel Survey: 2009, London, UK: Department for Transport, 2009."},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.10","unstructured":"Scholes S Medina J Cheshire H . Technical Report (Wave 3): Living in the 21st Century: Older People in England: the 2006 English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, London, UK: National Centre for Social Research, 2009."},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.11","unstructured":"Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2000."},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486"},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.13","unstructured":"Zaninotto P de Oliviera C Kumari M . Anthropometric measures and health. In: Banks J Breeze E Lessof C , eds. Living in the 21st Century: Older People in England. London: Institute of Fiscal Studies, 2008:222\u201352."},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.14","unstructured":"Promoting and Creating Built or Natural Environments that Encourage and Support Physical Activity, London, UK: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2008."},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.15","unstructured":"Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease at Population Level, London, UK: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2010."},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.16","unstructured":"Butland B Jebb S Kopelman P . Foresight. Tackling Obestities: Future Choices - Project Report, London, UK: Government Office for Science, 2007."},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.17","unstructured":"Be Active, Be Healthy: A Plan for Getting the Nation Moving, London, UK: Department of Health, 2009."},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.18","unstructured":"Healthy Weight, Healthy Lives: A Cross-Government Strategy for England: Cross-Government Obesity Unit, Department of Health and Department of Children, Schools and Families, 2008."},{"key":"2025100301141434000_66.2.176.19","unstructured":"Healthy Lives, Healthy People: Our Strategy For Public Health in England: White paper, 2010."}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.2011.133165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T08:14:26Z","timestamp":1759479266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.2011.133165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.2011.133165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.2011.133165","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-2738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]]}}}