{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T12:33:46Z","timestamp":1790339626225,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A method is described for the determination of a measure of relative risk from vital statistical data. If the frequency of disease in a population is linearly related to the level of exposure to a given factor, then a measure of the relative risk can be estimated from the slope and intercept of the regression line. For example, when the exposure is measured in terms of the proportion of the population exposed to the factor, then the relative risk is equal to (Formula: see text). This offers an indirect but simple and inexpensive method for estimating relative risk. It should be used with caution, particularly where confounding factors may be responsible for the apparent association between disease and factor. Applications of the method to estimate the relative risk of (a) circulatory diseases in women using oral contraceptives and (b) ovarian cancer in women with different average family sizes, both yielded relative risk estimates comparable with those obtained from case-control and prospective studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.33.2.159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T15:09:01Z","timestamp":1226502541000},"page":"159-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["On the estimation of relative risk from vital statistical data."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"V","family":"Beral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Chilvers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1979,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Statistical Methods in Medical Research","author":"Armitage, P.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Armitage, P. 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A case control study of carcinoma of the ovary. British Journal ofPreventve and Social Medicine, 31, 148-153.","journal-title":"British Journal ofPreventve and Social Medicine"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"194","article-title":"Bronchial carcinoma-A pandemic. Incidence and tobacco consumption in various countries","volume":"1","author":"Nielson, A.; Clemmesen, J.","year":"1954","unstructured":"Nielson, A., and Clemmesen, J. (1954). Bronchial carcinoma-A pandemic. Incidence and tobacco consumption in various countries. Danish Medical Bulletin, 1, 194-199.","journal-title":"Danish Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"727","article-title":"General Practitioners","volume":"2","author":"of, Royal College","year":"1977","unstructured":"Royal College of General Practitioners (1977). Mortality among oral contraceptive users. Lancet, 2, 727-731.","journal-title":"Lancet; Mortality among oral contraceptive users"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121045","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and relative risk of death from venous and pulmonary thromboembolism in the United States","volume":"90","author":"Seigel, D.; Markush, R.E.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Seigel, D., and Markush, R. E. (1969). Oral contraceptives and relative risk of death from venous and pulmonary thromboembolism in the United States. American Journal of Epidemiology, 90, 11-16.","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref_12","article-title":"International Classification of Diseases, 8th revision","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"1967","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (1967). International Classification of Diseases, 8th revision. 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