{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T05:17:58Z","timestamp":1782451078731,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although hair dyes have been shown to be highly mutagenic the literature on possible human cancer risk is confused. A variety of studies using different methods in different countries have provided a range of positive and negative findings. In the present study the observed and expected mortality among a sample of hairdressers identified in the 1961 census was examined and followed until 1978; attention was focused on five malignancies reported to have increased in male hairdressers in the other studies. The overall mortality and number of deaths from all neoplasms were lower than the 'expected' figures. No appreciable or significant excess was found for cancer of the oesophagus, larynx, lung, and bladder, or for leukaemia. The present report, based on the follow-up of nearly 2000 hairdressers for more than 15 years, provides no support for other work which has suggested that male hairdressers or barbers are at risk of certain cancers. These results provide only a limited probe into the influence of hair dyes; another part of the study involves follow-up of women hairdressers from the 1971 census, though it will be a number of years before enough deaths have accumulated to warrant analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.34.3.182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T15:09:01Z","timestamp":1226502541000},"page":"182-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Cancer mortality in male hairdressers."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Alderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1980,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.6.2423","article-title":"Hair dyes are mutagenic: identification of a variety of mutagenic ingredients","volume":"72","author":"Ames, B.N.; Kammen, H.O.; Yamasaki, E.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ames BN, Kammen HO, Yamasaki E. Hair dyes are mutagenic: identification of a variety of mutagenic ingredients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1975; 72: 2423-7.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"International Agency for Research in Cancer. Some aromatic amines and related nitro compounds-hair dyes, colouring agents and miscellaneous industrial chemicals","volume":"16","year":"1972","unstructured":"International Agency for Research in Cancer. Some aromatic amines and related nitro compounds-hair dyes, colouring agents and miscellaneous industrial chemicals. IARC Monograph No. 16. Lyon: International Agency for Research in Cancer, 1972.","journal-title":"IARC Monograph"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91508-8","article-title":"Chromosomal damage and hair dyes","volume":"ii:","author":"Kirkland, D.J.; Lawler, S.D.; Venitt, S.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kirkland DJ, Lawler SD, Venitt S. Chromosomal damage and hair dyes. 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Occupational Mortality in Washington State, 1950-71, Vol. 1."},{"key":"ref_6","author":"Cincinatti, Ohio: US Department of Health Education and Welfare, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cincinatti, Ohio: US Department of Health Education and Welfare, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1976."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"93","article-title":"Cancer among Danish male and female members of the hairdressing profession. Danish working party report on hair dyes","author":"Clemmesen, J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Clemmesen J. Cancer among Danish male and female members of the hairdressing profession. Danish working party report on hair dyes. 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